Chloride-ion battery is considered as the promising electrochemical system due to its high energy density in theory. However, aqueous chloride-ion redox materials are limitedly reported owing to their instability or dissolution in aqueous electrolyte. Here, we synthetize a new electrochemical chloride-ion material, Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 , investigate its electrochemical performance in aqueous NaCl electrolyte, and assemble into aqueous chloride-ion battery with silver as cathode. During the battery charge process, Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 anode electrochemically releases chloride ions, which are captured by Ag cathode with the formation of silver chloride while the discharging reverses the process. The battery demonstrates favorable electrochemical performance. With current density of 600 mA g −1 , the battery discharge capacity of 34.6 mAh g −1 can be maintained for 50 cycles. This work is greatly significant for the development of anion electrochemical energy storage. KEYWORDS: chloride-ion battery, Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 , energy storage device, chloride-ion electrochemistry, aqueous battery

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Developing redox media as flow electrodes is a critical key in electrodialysis (ED) cells during the desalination process, enabling continuity, low cost and easy operation for freshwater production. Herein, we present viologen redox media as positive and negative flow electrodes in a continuous desalinated ED device. The viologen is reduced at the negative reservoir and oxidized at the positive side with blockage of ion exchange membranes, acting as a catalysis medium. The water product with 284 ppm can be extracted from the as-prepared 6000 ppm salt feed, and a salt removal efficiency of up to 95.3% is achieved. Cyclic voltammetry is performed to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of viologen. In addition, the desalination performance influence from the different current densities, cyclability, and various salt concentrations is further explored in detail. The current research will be significant to the further development of electrodialysis desalination technologies for freshwater production.

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