Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis disebabkan bakteri Leptospira patogenik dan berpotensi menyebabkan kematian pada manusia. Tikus sebagai reservoir utama Leptospira kebanyakan diteliti di kawasan perkotaan atau pedesaan di sekitar permukiman. Sebaliknya, penelitian leptospirosis pada tikus endemis jumlahnya sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tikus endemis Sulawesi sebagai reservoir Leptospira di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Pangkep dan Luwu Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Rikhus Vektora tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan perangkap hidup untuk menangkap tikus di enam ekosistem berbeda pada tiap kabupaten. Seluruh tikus tertangkap diidentifikasi secara morfologis yang selanjutnya diuji Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasilnya diperoleh berbagai tikus endemis seperti Rattus marmosurus, Rattus hoffmanni, Bunomys chrysocomus, Bunomys andrewsi dan Bunomys coelestis terinfeksi leptospirosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan catatan baru beberapa jenis tikus endemis Sulawesi terinfeksi leptospirosis. Kondisi ini perlu diwaspadai karena terdapat potensi penularan leptospirosis di habitat hutan dari tikus endemis tersebut.
Rats are animal reservoirs and harbours of several zoonotic pathogens diseases in humans. At least, there are 68 viruses of zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by rats. Two common types of viruses attackinghumans are Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Hantavirus. Early detection of those viruses is fundamentally required in order to prevent disease transmissions to humans. The aim of the study was to detect and count the percentage of rats infected by HEV and Hantavirus in Kendal and Klaten Districts, Central Java Province. The research design used in this study was descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The target population was rats distributed in Klaten and Kendal Districts. In addition, the research subject was trapped rats. Detection of Hantavirus was carried out using ELISA method and detection of HEV was conducted using nested reverse transcription PCR (nested RT-PCR). A total of 73 rats was successfully captured consisting of 2 genus and 4 species e.g. Rattus novergicus, R. tanezumi, R. tiomanicus and Bandicota indica. The trapped rats infected by HEV were 3.7% and 41.3% for Klaten and Kendal, respectively. However, the seropositive of Hantavirus was only found in Kendal District (20.5%). Rat control is necessary to prevent transmission of HEV and Hantavirus.
Abstract International Leptospirosis Society stated Indonesia as a country with high leptospirosis incidence and ranked third in the world for mortality. Rikhus Vektora, in 2015 - 2017 in 25 provinces in Indonesia, showed that positive leptospirosis rats were found in all regions. However, Health Service Providers (PPK) both at the basic and advanced levels stated that they were unable to carry out a diagnosis of leptospirosis cases. Meanwhile, the data also showed that in the provinces where no leptospirosis cases reported, there were Leptospira bacteria found in captured rats both in settlements and remote areas. This condition causes leptospirosis like the phenomenon of the iceberg that is seen as no cases while the facts in the field of many people infected with late treatment. One Health approach in cross-sector leptospirosis data integration from a related department is needed in determining priorities for the prevention of leptospirosis. It is necessary to establish a laboratory network to obtain faster information regarding the enforcement of the diagnosis of leptospirosis cases. The proposed policy recommendations are the discovery of leptospirosis cases with capacity building for doctors and health workers through clinical lectures, cross-sector joint surveillance, and strengthening of laboratory networks for early enforcement of leptospirosis diagnose. Keywords: leptospirosis, one-health, laboratory, early detection, Indonesia Abstrak International Leptospirosis Society menyatakan Indonesia sebagai negara dengan insidens leptospirosis tinggi dan peringkat ketiga dunia untuk mortalitas. Hasil Riset Khusus Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (Rikhus Vektora) pada tahun 2015 - 2017 di 25 provinsi di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa di setiap provinsi ditemukan persentase tikus positif bakteri Leptospira. Namun, penyedia Pelayanan Kesehatan (PPK) baik yang ada di tingkat dasar maupun lanjutan menyatakan belum mampu untuk melakukan penegakkan diagnosa kasus leptospirosis. Sementara itu, data juga menunjukkan bahwa pada beberapa provinsi yang menyatakan tidak ada kasus leptospirosis ditemukan adanya bakteri Leptospira pada tikus yang ditangkap baik pada ekosistem yang dekat dengan pemukiman maupun yang jauh dari pemukiman. Kondisi ini menyebabkan leptospirosis seperti fenomena gunung es yaitu terlihat tidak ada kasus sementara fakta di lapangan banyak orang terjangkit yang terlambat diobati. Pendekatan ‘One Health’ dalam integrasi data leptospirosis lintas sektor (Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Peternakan, Dinas Pertanian) diperlukan dalam penentuan prioritas penanggulangan leptospirosis. Selain itu, perlu dibuat jejaring laboratorium agar didapatkan informasi lebih cepat terkait penegakan diagnosis kasus leptospirosis. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang diusulkan adalah penemuan kasus leptospirosis dengan capacity building dokter dan tenaga kesehatan dengan cara ceramah klinis, surveilans bersama lintas sektor dan penguatan jejaring laboratorium untuk penegakan dini diganosa leptospirosis. Kata kunci: leptospirosis, one-health, laboratorium, deteksi dini, Indonesia
Hantavirus infection is one of zoonotic diseases as a major global threat for human health. Anthropologic, biologic, and cultural factors contribute in the transmission of the infection in Sulawesi. In Sulawesi, some communities have a tradition of eating rat meat. A total of 52 endemic rats species is found in the area. The objective of this study were to identify the species of rats acting as hantavirus reservoir and the percentage of hantavirus seropositive in domestic, peridomestic and silvatic rats in the area. The study was conducted in four provinces, namely Central (year of 2015), North and South East (2016) and South Sulawesi (2017). Three districts of each provinces were selected. The rats captured were identified, and blood sample from each was drawn. Hantavirus infection was identified by an Elisa. The data obtained were presented descriptively. A total of 1259 rats were captured, consisted of eight genus and 27 species, ten of which were seropositive, for hantavirus infection. Six out of ten seropositive rats were record as new record of hantavirus reservoir, namely B. coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, and R. hoffmanni. The highest percentage of seropositive Hantavirus was found in peridomestic rats (5.06), while in silvic rats 4.60 and domestic rats 3.46. It is necessary to do hygiene and sanitation campaign and socialization of risks for hantavirus transmission. Abstrak Infeksi hantavirus adalah zoonosis yang telah menjadi ancaman kesehatan global dengan tikus sebagai reservoir utama zoonosis ini. Secara biologi dan antropologi penularan hantavirus rentan terjadi di Pulau Sulawesi karena di pulau ini mempunyai 52 spesies tikus endemik dan sebagian kecil masyarakat di Sulawesi mempunyai kebiasaan mengonsumsi daging tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies tikus yang berperan sebagai reservoir hantavirus dan menghitung persentase seropositif hantavirus pada tikus domestik, peridomestik dan silvatik di Pulau Sulawesi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, tahun 2016 di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan Sulawesi Tenggara, serta tahun 2017 di Sulawesi Selatan. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan di tiga kabupaten pada setiap provinsi. Tikus tertangkap diidentifikasi dan diambil spesimen darahnya. Pemeriksaan serologi dengan menggunakan teknik Elisa. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus tertangkap sebanyak 1.259 ekor yang terdiri dari delapan genus dan 27 spesies. Sepuluh spesies seropositif terhadap hantavirus, enam diantaranya merupakan catatan baru sebagai reservoir hantavirus. Keenam spesies tersebut adalah Bunomys coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, dan R. hoffmanni. Persentase tikus seropositif terhadap hantavirus tertinggi ditemukan pada tikus peridomestik (5,06), sedangkan pada tikus silvatik 4,60 dan tikus domestik 3,46. Perlu dilakukan kampanye peningkatan sanitasi serta sosialisasi ke masyarakat terkait risiko penularan hantavirus.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.