Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira dan ditularkan oleh tikus. Penyakit ini kebanyakan ditemukan di wilayah tropis dan sub tropis pada musim penghujan. Leptospirosis terjadi karena adanya interaksi yang kompleks antara pembawa penyakit, tuan rumah/pejamu dan lingkungan. Bakteri Leptospira dapat menginfeksi manusia melalui luka yang ada di kulit dan mukosa tubuhnya. Manusia dengan perilaku kesehatan yang buruk berpotensi untuk terinfeksi bakteri ini. Demikian juga dengan sanitasi yang buruk mendukung terjadinya kasus leptospirosis pada manusia. Diagnosis leptospirosis dilakukan dengan Rapid Diagnostic Test, Polymerase Chain Reaction, MicroscopicAgglutination Test, dan lainnya. Pengobatan leptospirosis berupa doksisiklin dan penisilin G intravena. Hemodialisis dan pemberian ventilasi pernafasan mekanis diberikan jika terjadi gagal ginjal dan perdarahan pada paru-paru. Pencegahan leptospirosis dilakukan dengan pencegahan pada hewan sebagai sumber infeksi, jalur penularan dan manusia.

Abstract Leptospirosis cases in Klaten Regency in 2016-2018 have increased. An assessment action to describe the knowledge and behavior of the community regarding leptospirosis incidence in Gantiwarno District was carried out as input in efforts to control leptospirosis. The research location was in Towangsan Village, using a cross-sectional design. Data was collected in October-November 2018 through a survey among 32 residents around the case house and indepth interviews with five staff of district health office and Gantiwarno public health center. Most respondents have correct knowledge about first symptoms, health assistance facilities for leptospirosis treatment, mode of transmission, leptospirosis prevention, and carcasses handling. The community already knew about early symptoms, but didn’t see the necessity of the second visit in health facilities nor given information to medical staff about exposure history or risk factors. Qualitatively, farmers' groups are susceptible to leptospirosis because some communities still throwing rat carcasses into paddy fields, minimum use of PPE, and handwashing behavior. Health Office was recommended to educate the community about the importance of repeated visits to health facilities and providing risk factor information to health workers related to leptospirosis. Counseling leptospirosis prevention in farmer groups is carried out through cross-sectoral collaboration between the regency health office and regency agriculture office. Abstrak Kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Klaten tahun 2016-2018 mengalami peningkatan. Kegiatan assessment dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat pada peningkatan kasus leptospirosis di Kecamatan Gantiwarno. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Towangsan, Kecamatan Gantiwarno, dengan waktu pengumpulan data pada bulan Oktober-November 2018. Survei pengetahuan dilakukan pada 32 orang penduduk di sekitar rumah kasus dan wawancara mendalam dilakukan pada 5 orang staf dinas kesehatan dan puskesmas. Sebagian besar responden telah memiliki pengetahuan yang benar tentang gejala awal, pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk pengobatan leptospirosis, cara penularan dan pencegahan leptospirosis, serta cara menangani bangkai. Masyarakat mengetahui gejala awal leptospirosis, namun belum mengetahui perlunya kunjungan ulang ke sarana kesehatan dan menginformasikan riwayat faktor risiko untuk membantu penegakan diagnosis. Secara kualitatif, kelompok petani rentan terhadap penularan leptospirosis karena adanya perilaku masyarakat membuang bangkai tikus ke sawah dan rendahnya penggunaan APD serta perilaku cuci tangan dengan sabun setelah bekerja. Dinas kesehatan direkomendasikan memberikan edukasi ke masyarakat tentang pentingnya kunjungan ulang ke sarana kesehatan dan memberikan informasi faktor risiko ke tenaga kesehatan apabila memiliki gejala awal leptospirosis. Penyuluhan edukasi pencegahan leptospirosis pada kelompok petani dilakukan melalui kerjasama lintas sektor antara dinas kesehatan dengan dinas pertanian.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is still a major public health problem in Indonesia. Increased dengue cases in Indonesia cannot be separated from the presence of Aedes sp. as an infectious vector. One of the factors that influence the incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is the number of Aedes sp. larvae. The larva population is strongly influenced by the characteristics of its habitat. Data of Riset Khusus Vektora 2016 contains the level of larvae density of Aedes sp. through a water reservoir seen from controllable sites and dispossable sites. Data was taken in 15 provinces in Indonesia, Aceh, West Sumatra, Lampung, Bangka Belitung, West Java, East Java, Banten, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Maluku, and North Maluku. The results obtained in this study were examined from 11,491 container, obtained 11,301 controllable sites and 190 dispossable sites. Larvae were found more on controllable sites because it is used in everyday life. There are 18 districts/cities that have a medium density figure category and 27 districts/cities are categorized as having high larvae densities. The way that is considered effective and appropriate in preventing and eradicating DHF is by eradicating its transmitting mosquito nest (PSN-DBD) through the 3M plus movement which requires the participation of all levels of society.

Purworejo District is a malaria endemic area in Central Java Province with Annual Parasite Incidence  (API) value of 1.96 per 1,000 population. This figure is still above the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan target for 2015 - 2019. Indigenous cases are still being reported in Purworejo District until 2017. Prevention of malaria transmission is carried out by controlling Anopheles spp. as a malaria vector. This study aims to identify the behavior and habitat where  Anopheles spp. as a malaria vector suspect in Purworejo District.  The method of catching mosquitoes is in the form of Human landing collection, animal bait, light traps which are carried out starting at 18.00  to 06.00 in the morning, resting in the morning both inside and outside the house. Data variables taken in the form of biting activity, the number of mosquitoes caught, and environmental conditions at the study site. The results of the study were: the species of Anopheles leucosphyrus , Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles indefinitus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles kochi, and Anopheles balabacensis. The peak activity of biting Anopheles spp. occur at 01.00 - 02.00 and 04.00 - 05.00 in the morning. Anopheles spp. most found in lagoon. Efforts to prevent mosquito bites are done using long-sleeved clothing or using repellents or household pesticides, avoiding doing activities outside the home at night and placing larva predators on lagoon. Abstrak Kabupaten Purworejo merupakan kabupaten endemis malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan nilai Annual Parasite Incidence (API) mencapai 1,96 per 1.000 penduduk. Angka tersebut masih berada di atas target Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2015–2019. Kasus indigenous juga masih dilaporkan di Kabupaten Purworejo sampai dengan tahun 2017. Pencegahan penularan malaria dilakukan dengan pengendalian nyamuk Anopheles spp. sebagai vektor malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku dan habitat tempat ditemukannya nyamuk Anopheles spp. sebagai tersangka vektor malaria di Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode penangkapan nyamuk berupa human landing collection, umpan hewan, dan light trap yang dilakukan mulai pukul 18.00 – 06.00 pagi, resting pagi hari baik di dalam maupun di luar rumah. Variabel data yang diambil berupa aktivitas menggigit, jumlah nyamuk yang tertangkap, dan kondisi lingkungan di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian berupa : spesies Anopheles yang tertangkap adalah Anopheles leucosphyrus, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles indefinitus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles kochi, dan Anopheles balabacensis. Puncak aktivitas menggigit Anopheles spp. terjadi pada pukul 01.00 – 02.00 dan 04.00 – 05.00 dini hari. Nyamuk Anopheles spp. paling banyak ditemukan pada lagun/goba. Upaya pencegahan gigitan nyamuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan pakaian lengan panjang atau menggunakan repellent atau pestisida rumah tangga, menghindari melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah pada malam hari, dan menempatkan predator larva pada lagun/goba. 

Incidence rate Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Bali Province ranks first in Indonesia in 2011-2015. DHF is caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes spp. The risk of DBD transmission is measured by density figure. This research was conducted in Jembrana, Karangasem and Badung Districts of Bali in 2017 with the aim to know the entomology’s index in those districts. Larvae of Aedes spp. collected from 100 homes in each location in the area. The results of mosquito larvae were calculated by indicator of larvae index of House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breateu Index (BI). The result of HI in Jembrana, Karangasem and Badung’s districts are 19%, 27% and 45%. The result of CI in Jembrana, Karangasem and Badung’s districts are 9,25%; 17,37% and 24,41%. The result of BI in Jembrana, Karangasem and Badung’s districts are 25%, 41% dan 62%. The types of mosquito breeding places in Jembrana and Karangasem are mostly found in buckets, while in Badung regency were found in bathtube. The potential for DHF transmission is still ongoing in these three kabupates. The efforts of larvasidation, eradication of mosquito nests and extension should be done by these three districts.