Cognitive enhancement (CE) is defined as the improvement or extension of core capacities of cognition (eg, memory, attention, concentration and intelligence) of healthy individuals without any medical indications. 1 This situation also described as neuroenhancement, cosmetic neurology or brain doping. 2 Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE), which is a type of CE, can be defined as the use of various drugs or other psychoactive substances. 3,4 Because PCE is often used to increase academic success, these drugs are also called study drugs or smart drugs. Prescribed psychostimulants (PS), such as methylphenidate and modafinil, are the most frequently consumed smart drugs to increase concentration and reduce sleep. These drugs prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters that play an important role in cognition and pleasure, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. 4,5 Effective management of psychoactive substances in healthy people has been an important public health problem due to the easier accessibility and lifestyle use. 6 There are several risks associated with using psychoactive drugs. Psychostimulants are one of the most frequently abused classes of pharmaceutical drugs. 7 They can lead to an increased tolerance for the drugs and create

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Anticholinergic burden may be an important risk factor for the cognitive impairment. Especially in polypharmacy, even drugs with low anticholinergic effects may contribute to a significant anticholinergic burden. The drugs with anticholinergic effects are used in treatment of motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, it is important to screen for polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study was conducted with 58 patients with PD. PD-MCI was diagnosed according to MDS Level 2 Comprehensive Assessment. Cognitive performance (attention – working memory, executive functions, language, memory, and visuospatial functions) of patients was evaluated. The anticholinergic burden was scored by Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) Scale, Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no significant difference in anticholinergic burden between PD-MCI and PD-normal cognition. A significant concordance was observed between ACB, ARS, and ADS scores (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; Kendall’s W = 0.653). While the variable predicting anticholinergic burden was the total number of drugs for ACB and ADS scales, it was the number of antiparkinson drugs for ARS scale. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with PD are at high risk for polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden. Anticholinergic burden should be considered in the selection of drugs, especially for comorbidities in patients with PD. No significant correlation was found between the cognition and anticholinergic burden in patients with PD-MCI. Although the risk scores of antiparkinson and other drugs were different among the 3 scales, significant concordance was observed between scales.