Objective: To develop a food frequency questionnaire for adolescents (AFFQ) and demonstrate its relative validity. Design: The final version of the AFFQ was composed of 76 food items previously identified according to their contribution in nutrients and overall importance within the eating habits of this population group. The validation study, which was undertaken during a 6 month period (June to November 1999), was administered to a sample of 79 who answered at least three 24 h dietary recalls (R24 h) applied at intervals of 45 days and one AFFQ at the end of the study. Applying the paired t-test and calculating Pearson correlation coefficients on nutrient data, differences in the mean of nutrients were obtained. Correlation coefficients between the mean energy-adjusted nutrients computed by the two methods were calculated, and correction was made for within-person variability. Agreement was evaluated by distribution of the adolescents according to quartiles of consumption. Locus: A public school within the metropolitan region of São Paulo city. Results: A high variability in the dietary intake of adolescents was observed, with high rates of variability for cholesterol, retinal and vitamin C. The Pearson correlation coefficients, after being adjusted and corrected for variability, ranged from 0.10 to 0.72 among females and from 0.16 and 0.91 among males. The mean correlation coefficient for the entire group was 0.52. Conclusions: These results indicate that the AFFQ provides a potentially reliable scale for categorizing individuals by level of past intake of most nutrients, excluding retinol and iron.
The objective of this paper was to discuss the main environmental factors determining overweight and obesity in adolescents, based on a critical review of the subject. The main national and international health databases, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, and Lilacs were searched including publications from 1975 to 2009. The following key-words and respective MeSH terms were used: "overweight", "obesity", "adolescence", "adolescents", "physical activity", "food intake". The findings showed that changes in dietary patterns in recent decades as the increased consumption of simple sugars, processed foods, and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables have contributed directly to the weight gain in this population. In addition, the progressive reduction in physical activity associated with increased time spent with low-intensity activities like television viewing, playing computer and video games has contributed to the weight gain of adolescents. In conclusion, variables related to dietary pattern and physical activity should be prioritized interventions directed toward the prevention of obesity among adolescents.
ResumoO Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar (QFA) tornou-se o método dominante nos estudos epidemiológicos para avaliação do consumo dietético, em especial para avaliar a relação da dieta com a ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O QFA é um instrumento que tem como objetivo a avaliação da dieta habitual de grupos populacionais e apresenta como vantagens a rapidez na aplicação e a eficiência na prá-tica epidemiológica para identificar o consumo habitual de alimentos, além do baixo custo. Comparado a outros instrumentos, substitui a medição da ingestão alimentar de um ou vários dias pela informação global da ingestão de um período amplo de tempo. Constitui ferramenta útil nos estudos sempre que seu desenvolvimento tenha sido precedido por procedimentos metodológicos cuidadosamente planejados que garantirão confiabilidade e precisão dos dados. Para tanto, são necessários estudos de validação que permitam estimar os erros de medição próprios do método. Sem o reconhecimento destes erros, a relação dieta-doença poderá estar prejudicada. Este artigo pretende abordar de forma sistemática considerações metodológicas para a realização de estudos de validação de QFA.Palavras-chave: Palavras-chave: Palavras-chave: Palavras-chave: Palavras-chave: Questionários de freqüên-cia alimentar. Estudo de validação. Dieta habitual.
The study of eating behavior has been much interest, as this is an essential element for the success of dietary interventions. In view of the complexity of the subject and the countless influences to which it is
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e aplicar o Healthy Eating Index norte-americano para avaliar a qualidade da dieta de indivíduos (n=50) moradores em Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODO: O consumo alimentar foi medido por meio do método Recordatório 24 horas e, para avaliação, foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta adaptado. O índice foi obtido por uma pontuação distribuída em dez componentes que caracterizam diferentes aspectos de uma dieta saudável. RESULTADOS: O valor médio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta foi de 51,5, com 12% dos indivíduos apresentando dieta "saudável"; 74%, em dietas "necessitando modificações" e 14%, em dieta "inadequada". A análise do coeficiente de correlação entre os escores do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta apresentou associação inversa estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) com a porcentagem de gordura total, a porcentagem de gordura saturada, o colesterol e o sódio. Apresentaram associação positiva estatisticamente significante em relação ao Índice de Qualidade da Dieta o retinol e a fibra. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam a viabilidade de aplicação do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta na população estudada.
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