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An increased platelet number may be secondary to many conditions. Malignancies are known to induce thrombocytosis in some cases. In patients with malignancies, thrombocytosis has previously been related to disease stage, histological type, and survival. Studies have shown that thrombocytosis is associated with a poor prognosis in various malignancies such as carcinoma ovary, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology and prevalence of thrombocytosis in malignancy and to assess whether platelet count can be used as a predictor of malignancy in the cases diagnosed as cancer at the time of its first diagnosis. This descriptive study was done on 500 patients with platelet count > 450,000/ μl with the cause being termed reactive. The most common cause of reactive thrombocytosis was Infections (28.8%), Tissue damage (16.4%), Iron deficiency anemia (16.2%), Malignancy (9.6%) and Inflammation (9.4%). Among malignancies, carcinoma oral cavity (20.8%) was found to be more commonly associated with thrombocytosis; with only (4.2%) cases being less than 18 years, rest (95.8%) cases were above 18 years. Thrombocytosis is associated with various neoplasms, therefore it can be used as a diagnostic clue for malignancy in an undiagnosed patient presenting with reactive thrombocytosis and associated symptoms of the disease thus indicating poor outcomes and mortality.

Background: The bladder is a common site for urinary tract malignancy. Urinary bladder carcinoma is of global concern and the histopathological types and variants are of relevance for their management. This study was carried out to assess the histopathological characteristics of bladder tumors. Materials and methods: The data was collected retrospectively and prospectively to include a total of 140 urinary bladder tumor specimens. Detailed medical records of these subjects were collected, and histopathological examination was performed on the prospective samples. Results: The most common symptom of bladder tumor was hematuria. Cystoscopy results found grossly visible tumor growths in about 76% subjects. Of the total sample, 84% patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) surgery and the rest of them underwent cystectomy. Furthermore, the commonest histopathological type of urinary bladder carcinoma was invasive urothelial carcinoma. About 68.6% patients had high grade tumor. Most tumor growths were present on the lateral side (46.43%). In 52.86% specimens, deep muscles were involved in the tumor. Node involvement was positive in 11 (47.83%) patients. As per TNM classication, majority of the specimens were pT2bN2Mx (26.09%) and pT2bN0Mx (5, 21.74%). Tumors were detected in stage 2 (26.09%), stage 3 (30.43%) and stage 4 (39.13%). Conclusions: The most common symptom observed in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma was hematuria. Cystoscopy results found 75.71% subjects to have grossly visible tumor growths. The major histopathological type of bladder carcinoma was invasive. In 52.86% specimens, deep muscles were involved in the tumor. About 68.6% patients had high grade tumor.

Background: The measurements of platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), WBC are routinely available nowadays. The aim of this study was to determine age dependent aetiology and relationship of these parameters whether they were associated with the known markers of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in Tuberculosis. Methods: This descriptive study was done on 500 patients with platelet count > 450,000/ μl and the cause being reactive. Platelet count, WBC, MPV, ESR, and CRP were measured at the time of hospitalization. Result: Most common cause of reactive thrombocytosis was found to be infection (28.8%), tissue damage (16.4%), iron deficiency anemia (16.2%), malignancy (9.6%), inflammation (non-tuberculosis) (9.4%), diabetes mellitus (6.4%), tuberculosis (6.0%) respectively. There was low degree of positive correlation between reactive thrombocytosis with WBC (r = 0.337, P= 0.06) and ESR (r = .277, P= >0.05). There was low degree of negative correlation between reactive thrombocytosis and CRP (r=-.131, P= >0.05). There was significant negative correlation between reactive thrombocytosis and MPV (r =-.561, P= >0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher level of platelet count and lower MPV in all the patients having reactive thrombocytosis. The changes in these parameters (platelets count, WBC, MPV, CRP and ESR) may reflect a reaction to the inflammatory condition. Therefore, in endemic areas, the presence of such haematological peripheral blood changes may raise the suspicion of tuberculosis.