Functional inks based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have potential application in building new and commercially viable photonic devices via different printing techniques. Printed photonics using 2D material-based inks brings together the unique optical properties of 2D materials via different printing techniques for fabricating photonic devices that can revolutionize various sectors in telecommunication, information technology, sensors and computing. Understanding the need for a comprehensive guide for researchers in the field of printed photonics based on 2D material inks, we have brought together the essential concepts in this field. The review begins with discussion on optical properties of commonly used 2D materials in photonic applications. Since different printing techniques demand different ink rheological properties for efficient printing, we have discussed it for different printing techniques. The substrates compatible for printed photonics application are also listed. Mechanisms of common printing methods in device fabrication are explained with more focus on the most commonly demonstrated method in printed photonics, i.e., inkjet printing. We have discussed a few examples of photonic devices where printed photonics is already demonstrated with 2D material functional inks. Finally, our perspective on future prospects of 2D materials, with excellent optical properties, that are yet to be formulated into inks for new and efficient photonic device fabrication as well as devices with potentially new functionalities are listed.

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Functional inks based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have potential application in building new and commercially viable photonic devices via different printing techniques. Printed photonics using 2D material-based inks brings together the unique optical properties of 2D materials via different printing techniques for fabricating photonic devices that can revolutionize various sectors in telecommunication, information technology, sensors and computing. Understanding the need for a comprehensive guide for researchers in the field of printed photonics based on 2D material inks, we have brought together the essential concepts in this field. The review begins with discussion on optical properties of commonly used 2D materials in photonic applications. Since different printing techniques demand different ink rheological properties for efficient printing, we have discussed it for different printing techniques. The substrates compatible for printed photonics application are also listed. Mechanisms of common printing methods in device fabrication are explained with more focus on the most commonly demonstrated method in printed photonics, i.e., inkjet printing. We have discussed a few examples of photonic devices where printed photonics is already demonstrated with 2D material functional inks. Finally, our perspective on future prospects of 2D materials, with excellent optical properties, that are yet to be formulated into inks for new and efficient photonic device fabrication as well as devices with potentially new functionalities are listed.

With the maturing techniques for advanced synthesis and engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials, its nanocomposites, hybrid nanostructures, alloys, and heterostructures, researchers have been able to create materials with improved as well as novel functionalities. One of the major applications that have been taking advantage of these materials with unique properties is biomedical devices, which currently prefer to be decentralized and highly personalized with good precision. The unique properties of these materials, such as high surface to volume ratio, a large number of active sites, tunable bandgap, nonlinear optical properties, and high carrier mobility is a boon to ‘onics’ (photonics/electronics) and ‘omics’ (genomics/exposomics) technologies for developing personalized, low-cost, feasible, decentralized, and highly accurate medical devices. This review aims to unfold the developments in point-of-care technology, the application of ‘onics’ and ‘omics’ in point-of-care medicine, and the part of two-dimensional materials. We have discussed the prospects of photonic devices based on 2D materials in personalized medicine and briefly discussed electronic devices for the same.