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An accurate classification for diabetes mellitus (DBM) allows for the adequate treatment and handling of its menace, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study proposes data mining techniques for the classification and identification of the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes cases, stratified by age, gender, diabetic conditions and residential area in the northwestern states of Nigeria, based on the real-life data derived from government-owned hospitals in the region. A K-mean assessment was used to cluster the instances, after 12 iterations the instances classified out of 3022: 2662 (88.09%) non-insulin dependent (NID), 176 (5.82%) insulin-dependent (IND) and 184 (6.09%) gestational diabetes (GTD). The total number of diagnosed diabetes cases was 3022: 1380 males (45.66%) and 1642 females (54.33%). The higher prevalence was found to be in females compared to males, and in cities and towns, rather than in villages (36.5%, 34.2%, and 29.3%, respectively). The highest prevalence among the age groups was in the age group 50–69 years, which constituted 43.9% of the total diagnosed cases. Furthermore, the NID condition had the highest prevalence of cases (88.09%). These were the first findings of the stratified prevalence in the region, and the figures have been of utmost significance to the healthcare authorities, policymakers, clinicians, and non-governmental organizations for the proper planning and management of diabetes mellitus.

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Medium-carbon dual-phase bainite/ferrite steels with different bainite and carbide volume fractions were prepared via intercritical annealing and austempering. Bainite dominated the microstructure at high intercritical temperatures, and carbides and ferrite phase dominated at low temperatures. Carbides existed in two types, undissolved alloy–cementite and vanadium carbide. The ferrite grain size was reduced to 1.22 ± 0.7 µm at 790°C. Modified Crussard–Jaoul (MC–J) model was used to analyse the strain hardening process, and the highest strain hardening rate was obtained at 755°C. The high carbide fraction at 755°C increased the ferrite dislocation density and enhanced the ferrite phase strength. The high dislocation density in ferrite and the small strength difference in bainite and ferrite enhanced the strain hardening rate at 755°C.

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