This research is about the use of footnotes in an Indonesian source text and in an English target text. It involves a translation of literary work called a novel from Indonesian into English. The novel deals with some cultures; Arabic/Islamic culture applied in Islamic boarding school, Minangkabau culture, and Indonesian culture. That is why the author needs to strengthen information using footnotes regarding some terms or words in his novel. When or which words need to be put as footnotes depend on the author’s preference, and this is also what occurs in the target text; the translator has her own preference whether to keep the footnotes as footnotes in her target text or insert them as additional information in the text. The footnotes in the source text are almost four times outnumbered the footnotes in the target text. Using the descriptive qualitative method, this research is to give a description of the translation of footnotes into footnotes and about the information provided in the footnotes either in the source text or in the target text. And using Translation Studies in analyzing the data, this research is to find out the procedures of translation involved in the translation from footnotes into footnotes. The results show that translating footnotes into footnotes cannot use only one single procedure; it needs at least a combination of two procedures, namely couplets, or of three procedures, namely triplets, and quadruplets, a combination of four procedures; and the footnoted words or terms or sentences provide information mostly about Arabic daily conversation between a teacher and his students at school and about address terms used in Minangkabau language.

Purpose: To study the existence of the Arabic language in the Indonesian language mostly limited to terms used in Islam religion. Methodology: This article discusses the existence of Arabic literature in the Indonesian source text, a novel with the life in a pesantren as the setting, where the author of the source text needs to translate the Arabic expressions used in the story into Indonesian. Then from the Indonesian source text, the novel is translated into English. The method used in this research is the descriptive comparative method. The leading theory used for this research is the strategies of Translation by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), what Arabic linguistic units involved in the Indonesian source text, and what strategy of conversion used by the author and the translator become the objectives of this research. Principal Findings: The results show that the Arabic linguistic units found are ranging from a word into a clause or sentence, and the strategies of Translation used in the target text do not always deal with one single procedure; sometimes, it involves a combination of some procedures. Applications of this study: The translation work may lead to similar as well as a contrastive linguistic phenomenon. People can learn more about languages involving in a translation, particularly when the structures of the source and target language are compared linguistically. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study covers the gap left in the previous research carried out by the same team entitled “Translation Equivalences of Islamic Terms in the Novel (The Land of Five Towers ‘Negeri Lima Menara’). This previous research used the same data source, Arabic expressions, in the novel. It focused more on the Arabic feelings relating to Islamic terms, such as names of five obligational prayers, names of optional prayers, activities in shalat, or praying. The rest of the Arabic phrases which are not used in this previous research are left unstudied.

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Existential Positive Psychology embracing the importance of meaning of life received supports from many other fields of study, including cognitive linguistics and hypnotherapy. This paper analysed the source domain used by clients and compared the domains with those found in the manuals and scripts. The discussion then shifted to the role of consistent, positive conceptual metaphor to support active meaning construction in hypnotherapeutic manuals and scripts, starting from the pre-induction talk to its termination and evaluation. The research began with the acknowledgement of client’s life experience that could provide help for the hypnotist in constructing the event structure of the schema, resulting, if required, in potential unique script for particular condition. This research was not based on maladaptive schema and it relied heavily on the potential internal strength found from the historical background information, interview and discussion during the pre-induction talk. This interview and discussion were treated as data for the analysis of the subjective function of the conceptual metaphor as it was applied in the treatment. The source domains used by the clients were then compared to those provided on Indonesian board of hypnotherapy manuals and scripts. The research then continued to find one possible consistent source domain to be applied throughout the manuals and scripts, based on recent findings from other disciplines that also focus on cognition and neuroscience. We proposed energy as the source domain and discussed the possibility to use this source domain, not only to deal with self as a single entity, but also to relate one entity to other entities and beyond.

This research article is about the translation of culture-specific items or cultural words from Indonesian into English. It focuses on the Domestication strategy and the procedures of oblique translation applied in the translation. The data source is an Indonesian novel entitled Bekisar Merah, which is translated into English, the Red Bekisar. The novel involves the Javanese cultural background, where Islam religion becomes one of the influential settings. This research was conducted with a qualitative-descriptive approach by adapting the concept of oblique translation from Vinay and Darbelnet, the domestication strategy by Venuti, and the culture-specific items by Newmark. The objectives are to reveal the type of cultural words that are domesticated and to locate the procedures of oblique translation applied in translating the cultural words. The results show that the cultural words which are translated with the domestication strategy are of two kinds: material culture and organizations, customs, and ideas; from 61 data on domestication strategy, all four procedures are identified: transposition, modulation, adaptation, and equivalence; and the most frequent procedure found is modulation.