The environmental attitude is a psychological tendency expressed by the evaluative (perceptions or beliefs) response towards the environment and natural resources flora, fauna, water, soil and air are naturally valuable products for development and continuity towards sustainability; relating both concepts in the Nijandaris population is the main objective of this research. Methodology: a probabilistic sampling was carried out at an age of [30 - 60 years] = 50 people respondents, questionnaire of 20 questions each; validated by the Rensis Likert scale 3 levels each, applying the Karl Pearson relationship coefficient and bilateral t-student. Conclusions: The environmental attitude of the inhabitants of Nijandaris is between bad to regular, likewise their conservative attitude towards natural resources ensures that they always do so. The relationship between environmental attitude and conservation turned out to be positive and significant. Regarding their dimensions, the association between affective attitude and conserving flora and fauna obtained r=0.38 positive median t=2.88; the correlation between cognitive attitude and conserving water and soil obtained an r=0.42 positive median t=3.21, and the relationship between conative attitude and conserved air has a considerable positive r=0.62 t=5.47. Therefore, we affirm that there is an environmental attitudinal concern towards the conservation of the natural resources of the adult population [30-60 years] in the Nijandaris Populated Center.

Aims: Analyze and relate the general index of climate change and sustainable development of Peru and its departments during the year 2006 - 2018. Study Design:  The research is not intended to deliberately manipulate the variables, therefore, it is non-experimental; is descriptive, correlational and longitudinal. Place and Duration of Study: The research project was carried out in the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences of the UNCP, likewise the collection of information data was carried out during 2020 and 2021, due to the Covid19 pandemic. Methodology: Two economic data, four social data and five environmental data were selected, in addition climatic data of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature of the 24 departments of Peru were collected during the years 2006 - 2018; To estimate the climatic and sustainable indices, the Prescott-Allen methodology was applied, the interpretation and assessment scale (climate change and sustainable development) was carried out using the barometric analysis of McCarthy. Five regression models were applied [dependent variable GISD; independent variable IGCC], hypothesis testing was performed using Karl Pearson's r coefficient and p-value at 0.05. Results: It is stated that Peru presents an economic sustainable index [EcSI] of 0.066 low, social sustainability [SoSI]: 0.225 medium, environmental sustainability [EnSI]: 0.282 high and general index of sustainable development [GISD] is 0.572 medium. In itself the climate index of precipitation is [CPrI]: 0.079 weak, the climate index maximum temperature [CTxI]: 0.251 severe, climate index minimum temperature [CTnI]: 0.138 weak and the general index of climate change [GICC] is 0.468 moderate. Two appropriate regression models [linear and exponential] were determined to estimate the GISD as a function of the GICC, CPrI, CTxI and CTnI. Conclusion: It was found that during the year 2006 to 2018 Peru presented a low economic, social medium, high environmental situation and therefore its sustainable development is in a medium situation; while precipitation is weak, severe maximum temperature, weak minimum temperature, and therefore, climate change has a moderate impact. Likewise, it is stated that there are two linear and exponential regression models to estimate the GISD based on the GICC, CPrI, CTxI and CTnI. It is recommended to collect more climatic data and economic indicators to be able to differentiate the economic and climatic situation that Peru and departments represent during its thirteen years of development.

El efecto de la temperatura superficial sobre el estado de la vegetación en el bosque de Polylepis spp es el objetivo de esta investigación. Como metodología se utilizó 9 imágenes satelitales del Sensor Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, evaluadas mediante la percepción remota, aplicando correlación r Pearson e hipótesis estadística t student. Como resultado se obtuvieron las relaciones durante los 9 meses del año 2018 - 2019 entre LST – NDVI r=0.11, t=0.29; LST – NDWI r=-0.43, t=1.27; LST - SAVI r=0.13, t=0.34 y LST - MSI r=0.56, t=1.77; la relación promedio de 9 imágenes clasificado en valores Jenks Natural Breaks entre LST – NDVI r=0.99, t=47.12; LST – NDWI r=-0.98, t=28.93; LST – SAVI r=-0.99, t=65.39 y LST - MSI r=0.99, t=30.39; y el efecto del “TVX” para NDVI(Este:-0.0778/0.0549; Oeste:0.6434/-0.0120), NDWI(Oeste:-0.6128/-0.0463; Este:0.3057/0.0474), SAVI (Oeste:0.4089/0.0232; Este:-0.0073/-0.0011) y MSI(Este:0.5565/0.1856; Oeste:1.3993/0.0362). En conclusión, se confirma que en los 9 meses que duró el monitoreo no existió correlación estadística pero que en promedio de las 9 imágenes clasificados en Jenks Natural Breaks sí existe correlación; TVX confirmó la influencia de temperatura superficial sobre el estado de vegetación dentro del bosque a través del tiempo.

The attitude is based on the self-concept or degree to which an individual perceives an integral part of the natural environment and situations with which it is related. Knowledge includes obtaining, analyzing and systematizing an individual from their natural environment, which is an important step for personal understanding and development. The objective of the research was to analyze and relate the environmental knowledge and attitude of 382 people towards urban-sustainable eco-efficiency in the inhabitants of the Chilca district. Two questionnaires [knowledge and attitude] of 23 questions were designed, the interview was personal to 382 people between the ages of 20 and 50 years. The questionnaire presented 5 responses using the Likert scale, the relationship was corroborated by hiring Rho Spearman and t-student statistical hypotheses. Result: The Environmental Knowledge towards Eco-efficiency (267, 290 and 225 has an idea totally in agreement in air and soil, biological diversity and climate change, respectively). The Environmental Attitude towards Eco-efficiency (200, 192 and 191 have an idea that is totally in agreement in their cognitive, affective and conative aspects, respectively). The relationship between K. and A. presents a rho=0.47 being a good relationship, with con t-student=10.35 and α=2.2e-16; affirming that there is a relationship between the environmental attitude and environmental knowledge towards eco-efficiency. The inhabitants of Chilca affirm that knowledge and attitude are important and agree to mitigate, reduce and conserve biodiversity, air, soil and water, climate change from a cognitive, affective and conative perspective, forming an eco-efficient polymathic and environmental psychology for sustainable urban.   Received: 3 October 2021 / Accepted: 26 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Aims: The urban form of each district was estimated; the entry indicators and exit indicators of urban eco-efficiency; as well as the environmental costs and economic outcomes of agricultural eco-efficiency in the 28 districts of the Huancayo Province. Study design: Descriptive-Correlational. Place and duration of study: The research project lasted 1 year, the data collection of agricultural-urban eco-efficiency was carried out from January to December 2020 by district, as well as the delimitation of productive and non-productive agricultural areas. Methodology: The World Business Council for Sustainable Development eco-efficiency model developed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used. To estimate the Urban Form, the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite image was used. For the Ecoeficiencia Urban-Agricultural data was collected by interviewing field and respective households using probability sampling, to estimate the polluting gases by province, the Sentinel-5P satellite image was used. Pearson's r coefficient and bilateral Student's t-test were used for the statistical analysis [26; 2.05]. Results: The Urban Form presents compactness ratio 0.27, shape ratio 0.21, elasticity ratio 5.47 and population density 753.09hab/km2. The Urban-Input indicators are urban water consumption 5889116.31ML/year electric energy consumption 2062019.23MW/year, food consumption 2664.56 ton/year. The Urban-Output indicators are emission of polluting gases 40335.11 ton/year, economic revenue 279.35PEN/year and wastewater discharge 90581.38ML/year. The Environmental Costs-Agricultural are water consumption for the agricultural sector 3348.34ML/year, fertilizer consumption 69.14 ton/year and phytosanitary consumption 46 ton/year. The Economic Outputs-Agricultural are agricultural production of 4779.79 kg/year, agricultural land rent 6390.3 PEN/year, gross value of production 4854.35 PEN/year. Agricultural Eco-efficiency [Eec-Ag]=0.89 and Urban Eco-efficiency [Eec-Ur]=0.98, ratio coefficient r=-0.13 and tc=0.64. Conclusion: The 28 districts of the province of Huancayo have an Eec-Ur [Urban Eco-efficiency] of 0.98 and Eec-Ag [Agricultural Eco-efficiency] of 0.89 where it maintains the added value while generating 98% and 89% of its environmental pressures. There is no statistically significant relationship between urban eco-efficiency and agricultural eco-efficiency.