State‐owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit from many privileges based on their unique structure, their substantial capital, and their position in the economic system. Like all business corporations, they have no fixed duration, which makes them effectively immortal. In addition, they are adjuncts of the state, which enables them to survive in noncompetitive markets with little effort. Therefore, under today's ruthless global market conditions, SOEs engage in unfair competition with privately financed businesses. By relying on their identity as state operations, they do not follow the rules of the market—they define those rules. In addition to SOEs, which are direct arms of the state, some privately financed businesses dominate markets in which the state allows them to develop an artificial monopoly and thus increase their power day by day. These artificial monopolies distort market processes and create conditions that frequently give rise to corruption. This study examines the problems associated with monopolies, with a special emphasis on establishing more efficient market structures for SOEs in Turkey. The original mission of SOEs was to balance markets through regulation and to be transparent and accountable to the public. Simply striving to meet those criteria would go a long way toward preventing the abuse of power and unfair competition. In addition, SOEs and artificial monopoly markets distort public institutions by promoting rent‐seeking behavior that corrupts politics and blocks innovation from potential competitors. Privatization has been employed by international financial institutions in recent decades, but it has mostly transferred monopolies from the public sector to private owners, which has made the problem worse and done little to enhance competition. Establishing genuinely competitive economies will require a new political culture around the world.
It is an undeniable fact that hubristic leaders’ or executives’ over-confidence and over-ambition together with a high level of self-conceit and God-like attitudes over others (i.e., personnel, shareholders, etc.) present a danger for organizations’ ultimate performance and future success since they take systematically strategic decisions and make crucial choices incessantly. By taking all the above into account, the main goals of this study are (1) to contribute to the enhancement of literature regarding the concept of “hubristic leadership” and (2) to develop a multidimensional scale to measure “it, which has been discussed only qualitatively so far but it has not been analyzed quantitatively yet. After having a depth analysis and a closer inspection of the definitions of the construct and the compounds of its items, it is found that the construct is multidimensional comprised of (a) individual, (b) situational, (c) relational.
Symbols, which are considered as a reflection of an organization’s culture, also provide clues about an organization’s character and value system. The positioning of symbols in the business world and academic studies thus remains an important issue. This study, which measures the effects of organizational symbolism on organizational commitment and firm performance, carries out a scale development study to evaluate the concept of symbolism. For this analysis, a questionnaire was provided to 727 family-owned business employees. In the scale development section, the organizational symbolism was divided into three dimensions, where it was observed that structural and administrative symbolism, along with outward symbolism, affect organizational commitment and firm performance, although narrative and discursive symbolism do not affect organizational commitment and firm performance. The findings are partially consistent with the current literature. In the “Discussion” section, suggestions are given to academicians and administrators.
Bu makalede Hannan ve Freeman tarafından ortaya konan ve bulunduğu dönemin önemli bir boşluğunu dolduran örgütsel ekoloji kuramının ve yaklaşımlarının, günümüzün küresel pazarlarında geçerliliği olmadığı savunulmuş ve buna bağlı olarak güncel bir bakış açısı getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda günümüzün büyük güçleri olarak bilinen kamu iktisadi teşekkülleri incelenmiş ve onların pazarlardaki baskın konumu göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Bu örgütlerin hem pazardaki diğer firmalara rakip olması hem de devlet olarak kanun koyucu şeklinde yer almasıyla, örgütsel ekolojinin doğal seçilim sürecinin anlamını yitirdiği ve bu durumun bu örgütlerin seçiciliği altında yapay seçilim süreci olarak pazarları şekillendirdiği savunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kuramın diğer yaklaşımları da eleştirilmiş ve konuyla ilgili yeni yaklaşımlar önerilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada örgüt üyelerinin örgütle ilgili bilişsel ve duygusal konularda kararsızlık içinde olma durumlarının örgütsel sinerji aracılığıyla alternatifler arasında karar verebilen ve kontrolü elinde tutan bireylere dönüşüp dönüşmediği araştırılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda örgütsel sinerjinin alt boyutları olan etkileşim ve takdir etme, bütünleşme, strateji ve güncellenme ve güçlenme değişkenlerinin örgüt içindeki kararsız bireyleri daha kararlı ve kontrollü bir yapıya ulaştırmada aracı değişkenler olarak ne derecede etkilediği araştırmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu odak noktası doğrultusunda 20-50 yaş aralığında, 92’si kadın ve 155’i erkek lojistik sektörü işletme çalışanlarından veri toplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kararsız özdeşleşmenin bilişsel ve duygusal boyutlarının bilişsel esnekliğe etkisinde örgütsel sinerjinin aracı değişkenlerinin farklı düzeylerde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bulguların alanyazına katkı sağlayıcı nitelikte sonuçlar içerdiği düşünülmekte olup konuyla ilgili bundan sonraki çalışmalara ışık tutabileceği öngörülmektedir.
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