Abstract

Figure 1: Top left: Our system represents a target document as a spatially-varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (svBRDF). We have developed BRDF gamut-mapping and halftoning algorithms that approximate this svBRDF with a set of printer inks. Bottom left:We previsualize how the document will appear when printed and observed under specified viewpoint and lighting. Right: Printed sample. AbstractAlthough real-world surfaces can exhibit significant variation in materials -glossy, diffuse, metallic, etc. -printers are usually used to reproduce color or gray-scale images. We propose a complete system that uses appropriate inks and foils to print documents with a variety of material properties. Given a set of inks with known Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs), our system automatically finds the optimal linear combinations to approximate the BRDFs of the target documents. Novel gamutmapping algorithms preserve the relative glossiness between different BRDFs, and halftoning is used to produce patterns to be sent to the printer. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach with printed samples of a number of measured spatially-varying BRDFs.

λ i λ o Fluor. yellow Fluorescent red Green spray paint Pink spray paint Dull day-glo red White paper Figure 1: Fluorescent materials absorb part of the incoming light at wavelength λ i and reradiate it at the longer wavelength λ o . We have measured bispectral BRRDFs to capture such materials and render them in the spectral environment map of a winter sunset. The bottom row depicts slices of the bispectral BRRDF, showing one rendered sphere for each pair of incident and reflected or reradiated wavelengths (λ o , λ i ) ∈ [400 nm; 720 nm] × [380 nm; 720 nm]. Fluorescence is represented by the off-diagonal entries. AbstractIn fluorescent materials, light from a certain band of incident wavelengths is reradiated at longer wavelengths, i.e., with a reduced per-photon energy. While fluorescent materials are common in everyday life, they have received little attention in computer graphics. Especially, no bidirectional reradiation measurements of fluorescent materials have been available so far. In this paper, we extend the well-known concept of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) to account for energy transfer between wavelengths, resulting in a Bispectral Bidirectional Reflectance and Reradiation Distribution Function (bispectral BRRDF). Using a bidirectional and bispectral measurement setup, we acquire reflectance and reradiation data of a variety of fluorescent materials, including vehicle paints, paper and fabric, and compare their renderings with RGB, RGB×RGB, and spectral BRDFs. Our acquisition is guided by a principal component analysis on complete bispectral data taken under a sparse set of angles. We show that in order to faithfully reproduce the full bispectral information for all other angles, only a very small number of wavelength pairs needs to be measured at a high angular resolution.

Fluor. yellow Fluorescent red Green spray paint Pink spray paint Dull day-glo red White paper Figure 1: Fluorescent materials absorb part of the incoming light at wavelength λ i and reradiate it at the longer wavelength λ o. We have measured bispectral BRRDFs to capture such materials and render them in the spectral environment map of a winter sunset. The bottom row depicts slices of the bispectral BRRDF, showing one rendered sphere for each pair of incident and reflected or reradiated wavelengths (λ o , λ i) ∈ [400 nm; 720 nm] × [380 nm; 720 nm]. Fluorescence is represented by the off-diagonal entries.

Figure 1: Top left: Our system represents a target document as a spatially-varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (svBRDF). We have developed BRDF gamut-mapping and halftoning algorithms that approximate this svBRDF with a set of printer inks. Bottom left:We previsualize how the document will appear when printed and observed under specified viewpoint and lighting. Right: Printed sample. AbstractAlthough real-world surfaces can exhibit significant variation in materials -glossy, diffuse, metallic, etc. -printers are usually used to reproduce color or gray-scale images. We propose a complete system that uses appropriate inks and foils to print documents with a variety of material properties. Given a set of inks with known Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs), our system automatically finds the optimal linear combinations to approximate the BRDFs of the target documents. Novel gamutmapping algorithms preserve the relative glossiness between different BRDFs, and halftoning is used to produce patterns to be sent to the printer. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach with printed samples of a number of measured spatially-varying BRDFs.