IntroductionUniversity students face challenges when starting their careers and entering the workforce after tertiary education is associated with negative psychological outcomes. The planned scoping review will synthesise the literature on the impact of university-to-work transitions on the mental health of new and recent graduates. We will describe the characteristics and main findings of the studies, and will examine the variables associated with, and the theories used to explain, the relationship between transitions to work and graduates’ mental health.MethodsWe will search the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PSYCINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index, CINAHL Plus, Ovid MEDLINE and Google Scholar, to locate published and unpublished literature. The included studies will focus on undergraduate and postgraduate university students during planned or current university-to-work transitions, as well as early-career workers. We will include studies involving people who have left or are in their final year of study, are undergoing career transition preparation or have worked for no longer than 3 years since graduation. Studies from all countries, those published in English and since 2000, will be included. We will use a set of predefined search terms and we will extract studies using the EndNote V.20 reference management software. Two reviewers will screen and assess the identified studies using the Covidence software. Finally, we will present the data in a summary table and will qualitatively analyse the studies using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationOur scoping review does not require ethical approval. The scoping review’s findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations, and will inform the development of training resources for different stakeholders as part of a wider research project.Trial registration numberThe study has been registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gw86x).

Background Despite Traditional Chinese medicine’s (TCM) historical roles in Chinese society, few research has been investigated the nature of TCM practitioner–patient interactions. Improved communication skills among TCM practitioners will result higher-quality interactions and better clinical outcomes. Methods To investigate the changes in TCM practitioners’ communication practices after communications training focused on promoting their awareness of integrating a patient’s medical history from conventional medicine in TCM treatment, Eight registered Cantonese-speaking TCM practitioners in Hong Kong were randomly recruited from local clinics and randomised into control (n = 12) and experimental groups (n = 12), with a total of 24 consultations. The experimental group was given training focused on patient-centred communication, with an internationally recognised and communication framework validated in global consultation settings (i.e. the Calgary-Cambridge Guide) on how to take a patient’s medical history from conventional medicine and communicate diagnosis and treatment plans. Consultations before and after training were audio-recorded and rated. The efficacy of the training was evaluated by comparing the two groups before training (pre-test), immediately after training (post-test) and after a 3-month delay (delayed post-test). Using validated scales, the primary outcomes were measured for the practitioners’ clinical communication skills and the quality of interactions. Results The communication training significantly improved the TCM providers’ patient-centred communication and communication proficiency. The results indicate that the team developed an effective communication model for integrating TCM and conventional medicine in Hong Kong. The framework helps trained TCM practitioners to integrate their patients’ conventional medical history when delivering patient care. The findings shed light on how interpersonal relationships between TCM practitioners and patients can be constructed after communication training to better care for patients’ psychological concerns in addition to their physical needs. Conclusion Trained TCM practitioners can provide an integrated model that takes patients’ conventional medical history into account when delivering a holistic patient-centred care. The findings can enhance our understanding of better ways to train the future TCM practitioners and to develop a continuing professional training for the current TCM practitioners to expand our understanding of TCM communication in acute clinical contexts and, thus offer a firm evidence-based foundation upon which to develop communication strategies that improve their clinical cpractices.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an extremely prevalent chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease. This study explores the experiences of patients with RA under nurse-led care, the roles that nurses play, and the outcomes achieved when applying the patient-centered care (PCC) approach. A purposive sample of 12 participants who had been diagnosed with RA for at least 1 year were recruited from a nurse-led rheumatology clinic. They were also receiving treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. All of the participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the care they received in the nurse-led clinic, along with high levels of medication adherence. The nurses were highly accessible to the participants, and they regularly communicated information regarding their symptoms, medication, and treatment management. These findings illustrate the importance of the holistic care that nurses provide to their patients, as the participants agreed that nurse-led services could have a wider outreach in hospitals and the community.

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Nonavian reptiles are among the many tetrapod lineages that have secondarily evolved semi‐aquatic and fully aquatic lifestyles. As thermal conformers occupying varying depths of the marine and freshwater environment, reptiles are great models for studying aquatic adaptations. The approximately 600 crocodilians, turtles, lizards and snakes enter the water for numerous reasons including to forage, mate, lay eggs and give live birth, seasonally hibernate and seek refuge from predators. Those that feed in the aquatic environment can be separated into two categories, obligate and facultative foragers, that contribute to different degrees of aquatic dependence. Morphological traits such as protruding nostrils and tentacles or chin barbels have evolved repeatedly in aquatic lineages. Aquatic nonavian reptiles must also overcome challenges associated with submersion similar to endotherms, including voluntary apnea, hydrostatic pressure at depth, and thermo‐ and osmoregulation. Some notable morphological, behavioural and physiological adaptations that facilitate movement through the water or prolonged submergence times include streamlined morphology, cutaneous respiration and depressed metabolic rates. Key Concepts Nonavian reptiles that forage for prey in the water are either facultative foragers or obligate foragers. In terms of aquatic representation, all crocodilians are semi‐aquatic, with turtles having the next largest proportion of aquatic individuals, followed by snakes and lizards, despite snakes being the only group with fully aquatic species. There are a myriad of behavioural, morphological and physiological adaptations observed in aquatic nonavian reptiles that are taxon‐specific but also others that are convergent across disparate groups. Despite the striking differences in body shapes between nonavian reptiles, aquatic members of all groups have modified their bodies to take on more streamlined shapes. Valved or protruding nostrils and piscivorous feeding habits are commonly observed across all aquatic nonavian reptile clades. Many marine inhabitants have the ability to osmoregulate and get rid of excess salt. Nonavian reptiles are great models for studying aquatic adaptations as they perform a combination of behaviours in the water including foraging, mating and seasonal hibernation despite homeostatic challenges pertaining to the aquatic environment.