No abstract

Canada’s legal system has repeatedly ruled that the Crown has a duty to consult with Indigenous Peoples when approving and shaping resource development projects that are located on their land or could infringe on their rights. Yet, there are still incidences where Indigenous communities and organizations find formal consultation processes, and the approach to engagement taken by industry and government, to be lacking. We use insights from the policy studies literature to argue that generating more evidence and analysis about the benefits and impacts of development is unlikely to improve consultation and engagement processes or resolve resource development disputes. We suggest that a policy framing approach, which examines how the different actors frame or define controversial and intractable policy problems, can provide insight into why disputes occur. We examine publicly available documents and statements about consultation and engagement produced by Indigenous groups, Canadian governments, and industry to identify and compare how these groups are likely to frame resource development and consultation activities.

Alberta is responsible for over a third of Canada's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing the country's emissions requires policies and initiatives that reduce emissions in the province. Yet the study of provincial climate change policy in Canada has largely focused on lower-emitting provinces like British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario. This article argues that Alberta is best understood as a “reluctant actor” on climate change, whose policies are influenced by decisions and pressures from outside its borders. The literature on Canadian-American environmental policy making and international policy transfer are used to explore provincial GHG targets and carbon pricing policies. The article finds that Alberta's 2002 targets and Specified Gas Emitters Regulation were determined by economic competitiveness and leakage concerns, while the adoption of new GHG targets in 2008 and a carbon tax was the result of policy transfer through political bandwagoning and the desire for reputational benefits.

This research note reports on the findings from a survey conducted in partnership with the Institute of Public Administration of Canada (IPAC). Despite robust debate among public administration experts about the role public servants should play in Canadian democracy, there has yet to be a systematic study of how public servants themselves view democracy and their role within it. We ask: What role do public servants play in democracy? The survey questions public servants about their views and contributions to democracy to gain a better understanding of what role they are playing in Canada’s system.

The number of Canadian university presidents terminated by their Boards of Governors has increased dramatically. Examining this phenomenon requires situating it in its historical context, yet there has been little empirical work. This study examines the total length of service and the average years of experience of presidents at 102 Canadian institutions. The analysis runs from 1840 until 2011 and shows that presidents spend much less time in office than was historically the case. The percentage of women serving in these roles increased during the 1980s reaching approximately 20% in the mid-1990s and has since remained at that level. The recent increase in terminations and early departures are discussed in light of the changing nature of the university presidency.Sommaire : Le nombre des présidentes et présidents d'universités canadiennes dont les conseils de gouverneurs ont mis fin à l'emploi a augmenté considérablement. Pour examiner ce phénomène, il faut le replacer dans son contexte historique, or très peu d'études empiriques ont été entreprises. Cette étude examine la longueur totale du service et la moyenne des années d'expérience des présidentes et présidents de 102 établissements universitaires canadiens. L'analyse couvre la période allant de 1840 à 2011 et montre que les présidents passent beaucoup moins de temps en fonction que par le passé. Le pourcentage des femmes exerçant cette fonction s'est accru pendant les années 1980, atteignant environ 20% vers le milieu des années 1990, puis est resté à ce niveau depuis lors. La récente augmentation des cessations d'emploi et des départs anticipés de présidents universitaires fait l'objet d'un débat à la lumière de l'évolution de la nature de la présidence universitaire.