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This study investigated the effects of clients' age, physical attractiveness, and in-session behavior on subjects' attraction to the clients. Female undergraduates were assigned to one of eight experimental conditions in which the client was depicted as (a) an adult or a child, (b) physically attractive or unattractive, and (c) verbal ("good" in-session behavior) or nonverbal ("bad" in-session behavior). The results indicated that "counselor" subjects were significantly more attracted to child than to adult clients and to those clients demonstrating good in-session behaviors as opposed to those performing poorly. Physically attractive clients were not rated significantly more interpersonally attractive than physically unattractive clients. An interaction between age and in-session behavior suggested that bad in-session behavior significantly decreased the attractiveness of the adult clients but not that of children. Thus, although counselors tend to favor young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful (YAVIS) clients, certain YAVIS characteristics may have a more potent effect on client attractiveness than others. The implications of these findings for optimizing the effectiveness of counseling services are discussed.

Clean energy research and development (R and D) leading to commercial technologies is vital to economic development, technology competitiveness, and reduced environmental impact. Over the past 30 years, such efforts have advanced technology performance and reduced cost by leveraging network effects and economies of scale. After demonstrating promise in applied R and D, successful clean energy and energy efficiency technologies are incorporated into an initial product sold by the private sector. Despite its importance, processes by which first commercialization occurs are difficult to generalize while capturing specific insights from practitioners in markets and technologies. This paper presents a policy-focused qualitative assessment of the first commercialization of four diverse energy technologies: thin film photovoltaics, wind turbine blades, dual-stage refrigeration evaporators, and fuel cells for material handling equipment. Each technology presents distinct value propositions, markets, and regulatory drivers. The case studies indicate three common characteristics of successful first commercialization for new energy technologies: 1) good fit between the technology, R&D infrastructure, and public-private partnership models; 2) high degree of alignment of government regulations and R&D priorities with market forces; and 3) compatibility between time scales required for R&D, product development, and opportunities. These findings may inform energy investment decision-making, maximize benefits from R&D, and advance the transition to a low-emission future.

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Objectives/Scope Workplace stress can happen for many different reasons but is very prominent during times of change and uncertainty. Many businesses have access to mental health and emotional well-being resources which they offer widely during normal operations and enhance those capabilities during times of expected stress. In this presentation we will discuss the challenge of what happens when that expected short-term period of difficulty morphs into longer term uncertainty. Method, Procedures, Process We will describe risk factors for workplace stress as well as short- and long-term solutions during periods of prolonged uncertainty. The discussion will include key components including baseline resources, gap assessments, and mitigating solutions. By working with business leaders to identify critical time periods and utilizing a validated survey tool, as well as a multitude of educational and informational materials, we were able to better deliver our health and wellness resources to deliver long-term support to the business. Results, Observations, Conclusions Mitigating solutions to address stress can be utilized to limit health and safety risks and optimize human performance. By offering a dynamic and relevant program which can be tailored to the individual workforce, we can maintain support for a prolonged period with positive results. Stress levels in the workplace can be assessed via validated tools, results of which can be managed across a spectrum of different work environments. Although our business environments differ considerably, by developing fit for purpose solutions we can implement high quality services to meet the needs of the business. Novel/Additive Information Fostering individual and organizational resilience early in the process and maintaining it throughout is an essential component especially when a worst-case scenario situation is highly probable. We will discuss how to best prepare both the organization and the individual to adapt, change and potentially even thrive during an extended period of uncertainty. We will explore simple methods of screening for mental health concerns well as developing interventions to optimize worker health and safety over prolonged periods of change and uncertainty.