The influence of wave, tide and fluvial processes on shorelines varies considerably in and between coastal systems; this can result in the development of architecturally complex, mixed-process systems. Of these, tide-dominated systems produce some of the most heterogeneous deposits. The arrangement of reservoir elements generated by wave and fluvial processes in such tide-dominated systems can be, to some degree, systematic and predictable. This research details a modern, tide-dominated, fluvial-influenced, wave-affected coastal system. It presents geometric attributes for reservoir elements that can be used to improve the construction of 3D reservoir models of these depositional environments. The Mitchell River is the largest fluvial system, discharging into the low accommodation setting of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Its Holocene delta extends to more than 500 km2. Eleven types of depositional elements (n = 3,100) were mapped across the delta plain: 286 km2 of tidal, 133 km2 of fluvial and 101 km2 of wave elements make up the delta surface. Fluvially and wave-formed reservoir elements form systematic arrangements across the system. More than 75% of wave elements are aligned inside 45° of the shoreline and these are generally crescentic (asymmetric) or linear in shape. Fluvial elements are aligned either perpendicular to the shoreline, or alongshore, because they are trapped behind wave-formed, shore parallel features. Separate wave and fluvial reservoir element datasets demonstrate convincing, though distinctly different, length-to-width relationships; wave-formed elements are much longer than fluvial-formed elements, relative to their widths. Despite pronounced heterogeneity in the distribution of these depositional elements across the delta surface, these relationships suggest their distribution is, to some degree, predictable. Analysis of the connectivity of adjacent sandbody elements suggests the largest connected sandbody is significant and extends to more than 90 km2.
SUMMARYThe Lower Barrow Group (LBG; Latest Tithonian -Early Valanginian) is a shelf-margin that prograded during a late phase of rifting under various subsidence regimes and supply-dominated conditions. A 3D semi-automatic, full-volume seismic interpretation method allow identifying high-order clinothems presenting an estimated cyclicity of ~40,000 yrs, in which a quantitative analysis of the shelfmargin architecture and shorelines processes was conducted. Overall, three and four main types of hydrodynamic regimes and deepwater systems were identified, respectively. Falling to flat shelf-edge trajectories are associated with sediment bypass, whereas rising shelf-edge trajectories are linked with increasing sediment storage on the shelf. While fluvial to wave processes can be dominant in all A/S conditions, results show that fluvial-dominated coastlines are associated with steep high-angle slope clinoforms and short to longer run-out turbidites. Conversely, wave-dominated coastlines are linked to low-angle slope clinoforms and poor turbidite system development (occasional sheet sand and MTDs). The short and longer run-out turbidite systems present a tripartite architecture (canyon / slope valley; channel; lobes) which mostly appear as short-lived, vertically / laterally stacked elements fed my multiple small rivers forming linear ramp systems. Due to the shallow configuration of the margin (<500m), the presence of short slopes and overall high sand-to-mud ratio, the turbidite systems are smaller scale (<50 km) and probably shorter lived than most modern turbidite systems (100-1000 km). This study sheds new lights on the significant role of shelf-margin architecture (slope gradient, hydrodynamic regime) in predicting the deep-water sediment delivery behavior (sediment partitioning, type of deep-water system).
SUMMARYThe Lower Barrow Group (LBG; Latest Tithonian -Early Valanginian) is a shelf-margin that prograded during a late phase of rifting under various subsidence regimes and supply-dominated conditions. A 3D semi-automatic, full-volume seismic interpretation method allow identifying high-order clinothems presenting an estimated cyclicity of ~40,000 yrs, in which a quantitative analysis of the shelfmargin architecture and shorelines processes was conducted. Overall, three and four main types of hydrodynamic regimes and deepwater systems were identified, respectively. Falling to flat shelf-edge trajectories are associated with sediment bypass, whereas rising shelf-edge trajectories are linked with increasing sediment storage on the shelf. While fluvial to wave processes can be dominant in all A/S conditions, results show that fluvial-dominated coastlines are associated with steep high-angle slope clinoforms and short to longer run-out turbidites. Conversely, wave-dominated coastlines are linked to low-angle slope clinoforms and poor turbidite system development (occasional sheet sand and MTDs). The short and longer run-out turbidite systems present a tripartite architecture (canyon / slope valley; channel; lobes) which mostly appear as short-lived, vertically / laterally stacked elements fed my multiple small rivers forming linear ramp systems. Due to the shallow configuration of the margin (<500m), the presence of short slopes and overall high sand-to-mud ratio, the turbidite systems are smaller scale (<50 km) and probably shorter lived than most modern turbidite systems (100-1000 km). This study sheds new lights on the significant role of shelf-margin architecture (slope gradient, hydrodynamic regime) in predicting the deep-water sediment delivery behavior (sediment partitioning, type of deep-water system).
Though not technically complex, the Millennium Dome in Greenwich was a vast structure to be erected in just 12 months. It required an unprecedented level of collaboration between all those involved in its construction, a process which was encouraged by providing a single large office for the architects, engineers and construction managers.Talking was favoured over writing and the ‘kiss’ principle—‘keep it simple, stupid’—was extensively used to ensure everyone knew what they had to do and when.The end result, an awe-inspiring building of outstanding quality delivered to a tight time-scale and budget, is a testament to the benefits of co-operation in construction.
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