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The earliest cases involving intentional infliction of emotional distress and intrusion date to the 19th century, but this study reviews recent cases in the highest nonfederal courts in the 50 states and District of Columbia through early 1989. The study finds that 25 states recognize both torts, while some recognize one or the other or neither. Some states recognized intentional infliction of emotional distress first, others intrusion. The American Bar Association officially recognized the intentional infliction of emotional distress tort in 1948 and intrusion in 1965. This study points out how similar the language of complaint often is with regard to both torts, and offers some advice to reporters, especially with regard to avoiding intrusion during news gathering.

Research showing adolescents' ever-increasing use of digital devices, combined with calls from governmental officials to incorporate more technology into classroom activities, prompted this survey of Arkansas scholastic journalism advisers. The goal was to determine how they used digital communication devices in their teaching. Results showed lack of funding, lack of teacher experience, and lack of administrative permission suppressed use of several devices, while student-owned devices were used for a variety of journalism-related purposes.

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Previous research confirms that first-semester grade-point average (GPA) is related to college student persistence, retention, and graduation. Thus, it is important to identify factors related to enhancing first-semester GPA. In this study, researchers asked faculty and students in the disciplines of journalism, strategic communication or public relations, mass media production and design, motion picture or film, and mass media in general, to rate themselves on success-related lifestyle habits. Students were grouped according to five GPA categories, and each GPA group's survey responses were compared with faculty survey responses and with every other GPA group's responses. Statistical analyses identified five highly differentiating lifestyle habits that separated both faculty and the highest GPA group from all other GPA groups. Because these five habits related so closely to higher-level GPAs, one major implication of the findings is that institutions could improve retention by encouraging freshmen to develop these five critical lifestyle habits.