Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary injury induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, and physical exercise (Ex) is useful in combating impaired oxidative process. We verified the preventive effects of Ex on lung oxidative markers induced by smoking. In this study, 36 mice (C57BL-6, 30–35 g) were split into four groups: control, CS, Ex, and CS plus Ex. Ex groups were given prior physical training in water (2×30 min/d, 5 days/wk, 8 weeks). After training, the CS groups were subjected to passive exposure to four cigarettes, 3 × per day, for 60 consecutive days. After 24 hours from the last exposure, CS animals were sacrificed, and lung samples were collected for further analysis. Left lung sample was prepared for histological analysis, and right lung was used for biochemical analysis (superoxide, hydroxyproline, lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive species], protein carbonylation [carbonyl groups formation], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activities). Group comparisons were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, with P <0.05 considered significantly different. Preventive Ex impeded histological changes and increased the enzymatic defense system (SOD and GPx) by reducing oxidative damage in lipids and proteins. This preventive effect of prior physical Ex alleviates damage caused by CS exposure.
Uso de medicamentos em crianças de zero a seis anos matriculadas em creches de Tubarão, Santa CatarinaDrug utilization among children aged zero to six enrolled in day care centers of Tubarão, 4 Farmacêutico-bioquímico, especialista em Farmácia Clínica e Farmacoterapia, mestre em Saúde Coletiva, professor do curso de Medicina, coordenador da Unidade Hospitalar de Ensino da Unisul, Tubarão, SC, Brasil RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar o padrão de utilização de medicamentos, nos últimos seis meses, em crianças entre zero e seis anos, em quatro creches de Tubarão, Santa Catarina, no ano de 2007.Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado por meio de questionário semi-estruturado, aplicado aos pais ou responsáveis pelas 413 crianças incluídas na pesquisa, após consentimento informado. Foram coletados dados sobre utilização de medicamentos e informações de saúde. A análise estatística foi feita com auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0.Resultados: A média de idade das crianças foi 3,7±1,3 anos, sendo 195 (47%) meninas e 218 (53%) meninos. Dentre os adultos que responderam ao questionário, 75% eram mães e 43% tinham oito anos de estudo. Diante de situação de doença, 47% forneciam os medicamentos que tinham em casa. Das crianças pesquisadas, 82 (20%) apresentavam doença crônica e 75 (18%) portavam doença aguda no momento da pesquisa. Houve histórico de reações adversas aos medicamentos em 82 (20%) crianças, sendo a mais freqüente a alergia. A classe de medicamentos mais utilizada foi a dos analgésicos e antitérmicos (45%) e o motivo de uso principal foi febre (32%). Nos últimos seis meses, haviam sido utilizados 763 medicamentos, com média de 1,8 medicamentos por criança, sendo 41% com prescrição médica e 59% por automedicação.Conclusões: A prática freqüente de automedicação em crianças é um fenômeno potencialmente nocivo à saúde. Esse Endereço para correspondência: Fabiana Schuelter Trevisol Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787 -Dehon CEP 88704-900 -Tubarão/SC estudo mostrou que a maioria dos pais ou responsáveis segue essa prática, podendo mascarar doenças graves, gerar quadros de reações adversas e desenvolver resistência bacteriana, além de outras complicações.Palavras-chave: uso de medicamentos; criança; automedicação. ABSTRACTObjective: Identify the pattern of drug utilization in a six-month period among children aged zero to six years old, in Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, during 2007.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to parents or caretakers of 413 children included in the survey. After signing consent, parents were asked about the use of prescribed and over-the-counter medicines and other health information. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Out of 413 children, 195 (47%) were girls and 218 (53%) boys. Their mean age was 3.7±1.3 years. Most parents who answered the questionnaire were mothers (75%) and 43% had eight years of schooling. When asked about medication use i...
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