This paper attempts to investigate the long-run and short-run relationships between Turkish exports, exchange rate volatility, foreign income, and relative prices by employing quarterly data for the period 1993Q3-2009Q4. Towards this purpose, multivariate cointegration and error correction model (ECM) techniques are used in this study. The long-run estimation results suggest that foreign income and real exchange rate volatility exert positive and statistically significant impacts on Turkish exports, while relative prices affect Turkish exports negatively and significantly. In addition, the results of the ECM model indicate that relative prices have a negative and significant effect, foreign income has an insignificant effect, and nominal exchange rate volatility has a positive and significant effect on Turkish exports.
Burnout syndrome, an occupational disease, is particularly evident in occupational groups working in constant contact with and under stress. In this research, it is aimed to determine the burnout levels of accounting professionals who are constantly communicating with people and engaging in a stressful professional activity. For this purpose, "Maslach Burnout Scale" questionnaire was applied to 320 professional accountants working in Mersin city center. The levels of burnout of professional accountants participating in the survey were measured and it was tried to determine whether there were any significant differences between demographic characteristics and burnout levels. As a result of the research, it was determined that the burnout levels of the professional accountants operating in Mersin are low in terms of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales and high in personal success subscale.
In this study, the relationship between stocks, bank credits and economic growth in Turkey is analyzed using the data of 1986:Q1-2019:Q2 period. Stationarity of the series is examined by Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2009) multiple structural break unit root test and it is found that all series are I(1). Cointegration relationships between the series are investigated by Maki (2012) multiple structural break cointegration test and it is determined that the series in the models are cointegrated. Structural break dates determined endogenously by cointegration test are included in the long-term analysis with dummy variables. Long-term analyzes are carried out with the help of DOLS, FMOLS and CCR methods and it is determined that 1% increase in bank loans increases economic growth by 0.14% and 1% increase in stock prices raises it by 0.86%. Shortterm analysis is also conducted by DOLS, FMOLS and CCR methods within the framework of the error correction model and it is found that credits by banks and stocks rise economic growth also in short term. The error correction mechanisms of the models operate. Causality relationships between the series are analyzed by VECM causality test and two-way short-term causality relationship between bank credits and economic growth and one-way causality from bank credits and economic growth to stocks are determined. In long-term, causality relationships from bank credits and stocks to economic growth and from bank credits and economic growth to stocks are estimated.
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