Humic substance (HS) is very important for soil agriculture that affects physical and chemical properties and improves soil fertility. Humic substances are complex mixtures of polydispersed materials formed by biochemical and chemical reactions during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains. Humic substances were extracted from leonardite of lignite Mae Mho Mine in Lampang province by using base-acid treatment and centrifugation. This research studied the effect of time and temperature in base treatment process and the effect of soils particle size. The humic substance which contain humin, humic acid (HAs) and fulvic acid (FAs) were extracted by base-acid treatment. Firstly, soil sample were stirred in base solution and precipitated by centrifugation. The humin precipitate that the fraction is not soluble in water at any pH value was dried at 90 o C. Then, the soluble(HAs and FAs) were pH adjusted to 2 by using 3M HCl and stirred in room temperature The humic fraction precipitate were separated by centrifugation and was dried at 90 o C. The soluble was pH adjusted to 4-5 and settled for 24 hr. The fulvic acid precipitate was dried at 90 o C. Humic substances were studied for element analysis and chemical structure by FT-IR and CHNO. The yields of humic acid were increased at the increase of soils particle size and base reaction time.

In generally, the metal catalyst which synthesis by conventional techniques is usually in metal oxide form or easily oxidize in the air thus the metal catalyst must reduce to metallic form before using. It was complex process and dangerous. In the research, Carbon material from cattail flower (CF) were used as supporter of Nickel/Carbon supported metal catalyst (Ni/C). This research were studied effect of used carbon material from CF as supporter of Ni/C and varying nickel loading. The Ni/C catalyst were prepared by hydrothermal, impregnation and calcination process. Firstly, Dried CF has been pretreat via hydrothermal process with optimized condition at 180°C for 8h. Then, the nickel solution was added to support via impregnation method by varying Ni loading from 20 to 60 wt% of supported. Finally, the sample has been pelleted into 0.5mm-Ni/C pellet and calcined at 900°C for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere. Ni/C were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), surface area and pore size distribution was determined by N2 adsorption. The result indicate that nickel particle on Ni/C were in the free metal from without reduction and well dispersed on supported surface. Particle size and surface area of Ni/C were decreases at the increase metal loading. Nickel/Carbon supported metal catalyst were ready to use and could be controlled particle size, surface area and crystallinity by metal loading.

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