No abstract

It is well known that there are functional differences between right and left brain hemispheres. However, it is not clear whether these functional differences are reflected in morphometric differences. This study was carried out to investigate the right-left asymmetry, and sex and species differences of the brains using the Cavalieri principle for volume estimation. Seventeen lambs, 10 rats and 12 avian brains were used to estimate brain volumes. A transparent point grid was superimposed on the slices of lamb brains directly and the slices of the rat and avian brains were projected onto a screen at 10x magnification. Surface areas of the cut slice faces were estimated by simply counting the points that hit the slices. Mean brain volumes were 37.74 cm3, 598.95 mm3 and 730.38 mm3 and the coefficients of variations were 0.08, 0.05 and 0.05 for lamb, rat and avian brains respectively. The differences between left and right hemispheres did not show statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, the male brain volumes were larger than the females for the lamb and bird (P < 0.05). In light of such findings, it will be necessary to evaluate neuron number of the brain hemispheres to provide more useful data regarding inter-hemispheric brain asymmetry.

No abstract

We have identically prepared as many as 60 Ti/p-Si (100) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with a doping density of about 10 15 cm −3 . The Si (100)-H surfaces were obtained by wet chemical etching in diluted hydrofloric acid. We have made a statistical study related to the experimental barrier heights (BHs) and ideality factors of the diodes, and we have looked at linear relationship between BHs and ideality factors. The BHs obtained from the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics varied from 0.556 to 0.617 eV, and the ideality factor varied from 1.019 to 1.196. The experimental BH and ideality factor distributions obtained from the I-V characteristics were fitted by a Gaussian function, and their mean values were found to be 0.577 ± 0.013 eV and 1.098 ± 0.044, respectively. Furthermore, the homogeneous BH value of approximately 0.602 eV for the device was obtained from the linear relationship between experimental effective BHs and ideality factors.

Dehydration is one of the most profound physiological challenges that significantly affects athletes and soldiers if not detected early. Recently, a few groups have focused on dehydration detection using sweat as the main biomarker. Although there are some proposed devices, the electrical and chemical characteristics of sweat have yet to be incorporated into the validations. In this work, we have developed a simple test setup to analyze artificial sweat that is comprised the main components of human sweat. We provide theoretical and experimental details on the electrical and chemical behavior of the artificial sweat for various concentration values within a temperature range of 5 °C to 50 °C. We have also developed an efficient sweat collecting and detection system based on 3D printing. Human studies were conducted and this particular protocol has shown that dehydration starts to take effect as early as 40 min into the physical activity if there is no fluid intake during the exercise. We believe that our device will lead to developing viable real-time sweat analysis systems.