This study aims to investigate the mediation effect of green product and green process innovation by focusing on the role of internal and external environmental orientation over firm performance to expand researches on environmental orientation. With this aim, a conceptual model has been recommended by unifying institutional theory and natural resource-based view. Data collected from 315 firms who have ISO14001 Environmental Management Certificate and took part in Turkey’s first and second ISO 500 Industrial Enterprises list in 2018 have been tested by using SmartPLS 3 software as part of Structural Equation Modelling. Empirical proofs show that internal and external environmental orientation has a positive effect on both green product innovation and green process innovation. Additionally, it has been concluded that internal environmental orientation has a direct positive effect on firm performance, while external environmental orientation has an indirect effect, which is through green product and green process innovation. The reason could be rooted in the ecological responsibility feeling of internal environmental orientation. External environmental orientation, though, could be limited only with fulfilling legal requirements with legitimacy acquiring desire. Firms strategically directed to the green product and green process innovation by doing more than the laws require and taking the lead could increase their firm performance. These findings contribute to theory and practice, enriching our understanding of how two dimensions of environmental orientation affect firm performance.

Purpose This study aims to develop an original green organizational learning capability (GOLC) framework to examine the effects of green transformational leadership (GTL) on competitive advantage (CA) through GOLC by making use of the natural resource-based view (NRBV). Design/methodology/approach The current research proposes GOLC as a novel construct that simultaneously integrates green absorptive capability (GAC) and green transformative capability (GTC). Furthermore, this study presents a theoretical model that investigates GOLC as an intermediate mechanism in the relationship between GTL and CA based on the NRBV. The partial least squares method is used to test the data collected from 265 firms included in the list of Turkey’s Top 500 Industrial Enterprises in 2019 and having ISO 14001 certificate. Findings Top management’s GTL positively affects the firm’s GOLC. Moreover, GOLC positively affects the firm’s CA. This study further shows that GTL has a significant indirect effect on CA through GOLC. Practical implications This study demonstrates how firm managers can be persuasive in adopting GOLC with a critical role in developing and promoting green products and services to improve the firm’s environmental sustainability and CA by exhibiting GTL. Originality/value This research applies the NRBV theory to propose a novel concept, GOLC and develops an integral conceptual model to discover its managerial impacts, antecedent and consequence. No prior literature has examined the impact of top management’s GTL on GOLC and CA.

Concern over the concept of sustainability that we come across in nearly all fields today is also increasing in business science each passing day. Main reason of this concern is that enterprises are in an effort to exist in future. In order to secure their future and maintain their corporate sustainability, they need to adopt a sense of management in sustainability perspective that involve economical, social and environmental dimensions and in direction of corporate management principles. Enterprises in direction of this sense, dealing with each dimension of sustainability without ignorance and with a balanced approach, constitute their corporate strategies and publish their study devoted to this through sustainability and/or activity reports. By all means; the most important source of an enterprise is human factor. And so, to be able to talk about a sense of management in sustainability frames, undeniable support of human resources unit must be accepted. This study aims to investigate, with content analysis method, to what extent enterprises involved in BIST Sustainability Endex accommodate with sustainability human resources process and practices categorized as a result of a study by Guerci and Pedrini (2014).

Numerous researchers have investigated the concept of green absorptive capacity, but relatively few studies have been performed on its antecedents. The objective of the present research was to develop and empirically test a theoretical model, which analyzes how green transformational leadership and the (internal and external) environmental orientation of business owner‒managers in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) affect green absorptive capacity. The data were collected from 373 SMEs with an ISO 14001 certificate in Turkey’s manufacturing industry by the survey method. The data were examined in the SmartPLS 3 analysis program to analyze the hypotheses. According to the research findings, the green transformational leadership of business owner‒managers in SMEs and (internal and external) environmental orientation significantly influence the green absorptive capacity. The findings also revealed that (internal and external) environmental orientation partially mediates the correlation between the green transformational leadership and green absorptive capacity. Hence, this research presented new information on how green transformational leadership and the (internal and external) environmental orientation of business owner‒managers improve green absorptive capacity in SMEs.

'nde yer alan şirketlerin yürütmekte oldukları sürdürülebilirlik çalışmalarını/projelerini hangi amaçlar doğrultusunda gerçekleştirdikleri, bu sürece hangi paydaşların dahil edildiği ve sürdürülebilirliğin şirket faaliyetlerine entegrasyonunun sağlanıp sağlanamadığı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada, sürdürülebilirlik çalışmalarının insan kaynakları uygulamaları ile ilişkisi ve insan kaynaklarının stratejik bir rol üstlenip üstlenmedikleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya, BİST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi'nde yer alan 44 şirketten 18'i katılmıştır (%41). Araştırma sonucu, şirketlerin sürdürülebilirliği kurumsal politikalarına entegre etmiş olduklarını göstermektedir. Yine şirketlerin; kurumsal itibarı ve marka değerini artırma, ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınmaya katkıda bulunma, paydaşlarla ilişkilerini geliştirme ve kamuoyunun güvenini kazanma gayeleriyle sürdürülebilirliği içselleştirdikleri görülmektedir.