This article explains the dualism of the role of kiai pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera, as ulama and umara, which was later critically elaborated in this research on its implications to the pesantren education. Substantively, this research was inspired by the results of the study of the authors of the 2018 regional elections and ahead of the 2019 elections and presidential elections. The method of this writing can be categorized as qualitative research. The analysis in this paper is carried out on the basis of the concepts of space and field, especially to examine how far the kiai play religious teachings which they believe in social and political behavior in the midst of people’s lives. The results of this study indicate that the rise of kiai who are involved in the world of politics is full of intrigue and conflict among kiai-politicians. One important thing revealed in the involvement of kiai in the political world was that kiai were too close to power, so they used the pesantren for their political interests and made it an instrument for power. For a kiai of pesantren plus politicians, they should be able to carry out their two professions sincerely and istiqomah. If not, the influence of the kiai becomes meaningless, when his authority is deemed to have deviated from what he should have. As a result, many pesantren were abandoned and their development was very alarming. Because of differences in perspective in politics that lead to feuds between the interfaith and the pesantren that they foster.

Ibu ditinjau secara fisik, dan mental sangatlah dekat dengan anaknya karena dari  mengandung, melahirkan, menyusui, dan mengasuh hingga dewasa, ini merupakan peran ibu. Oleh karenanya masa depan anak sangat bergantung kepada ibu. Namun tidak semua ibu menggiring masa depan anaknya ke arah yang baik, seperti beberapa kasus yang dapat didengar dan dilihat beberapa ibu menganiaya anaknya samapai meninggal, beberapa ibu menjual dan menelantarkan anaknya sehingga anaknya memiliki masa depan yang buruk.Hasil analisa latar belakang di atas maka tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan peran ibu terhadap masa depan anak”. Ruang lingkup penelitian terfokus pada peran ibu sebagai tenaga pendidik, sebagai penjaga fisik, memfasilitasi dana pendidikan dan keterampilan, dan sebagai teladan anak. Penelitian ini penelitian pustaka (liberay reseach) yaitu menggunakan bahan-bahan tertulis yang diambil dari literatur, hasil kajian berupa buku teks, surat kabar, hasil penelitian yang terkait dengan penelitian. Simpulan, peran ibu terhadap masa depan anak: (1) ibu sebagai tenaga pendidik, berperan membimbing dan mengevaluasi anaknya; (2) ibu sebagai penjaga fisik, ibu menjaga fisik anak baik, dalam kesehatan maupun penjagaan jangan sampai  kecelakaan; (3) ibu memfasilitasi dalam menyiapkan dana pendidikan dan keterampilan anak untuk masa depannya; dan (4) ibu sebagai teladan anaknya dalam beragama, berbicara, bertindak, dalam pengaturan uang, dan dalam menyayangi anaknya.

Structural-based education is a significant challenge for elements of education in Indonesia. However, in the province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, an alternative cultural approach strategy is applied during challenges from the structural model. This research uses the ethnographic method. The results showed that the quality of learning in research was based on structural learning strategies and value-based development efforts, which were then applied and applied in a learning culture (behavior, knowledge, and artefacts). These efforts are combined into a pattern of developing a learning culture and the pattern of gradual change, which also becomes a study. This research aims to bring up the concept of developing cultural learning strategies through values and practices while implementing structural educational policies. This study has limitations in the form of gaps in structural education problems that have not been confirmed, which are more inclined to the policy and political context, so the study requires a study pattern with a broader scope related to structural education problems that are still difficult to resolve, such as the development of equal access policies, education, and corruption.

The study aims to find out and describe what percentage (%) of pedagogical competence controversy of Early Childhood Education teachers in the teaching and learning process to the policy of Indonesia National Education Ministry. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques were observation, interview and questionnaire. The validity test used the product moment formula while the reliability test used Cronbach's alpha formula. The results of the study showed that mastering characteristics of students is 10,5%; mastering learning theories and learning principles that educating is 10%; curriculum development is 9,1%; learning activities that educating is 20,02%; potential development of students is 7,4%; communication with students is 4,5%; and evaluation and evaluation is 8,0%. It can be concluced that the biggest controversy was found in the mastery of educational learning activities while the smallest mastery of communication.

This article aims to reveal the history of the Tabot tradition and the values of tolerance contained in the Tabot celebration in each month of Muharram in the Bengkulu Society. This research method uses qualitative and history methods, with data collection through documents, interviews, and observations to the perpetrators of the Tabot, traditional leaders, and the community around the Tabot event in Bengkulu. The results of this study indicate that; First, the Tabot tradition is related to the growth and development of Islam in Bengkulu, which was developed by a Shiite Islamic cleric from southern India named Syeh Burhanuddin who was later better known as Imam Senggolo, namely in the 18th century. He introduced the procedures of the Tabot ceremony to the people of Bengkulu, who then passed on to their descendants who assimilated with the people of Bengkulu. Secondly, the values of tolerance in the tabot ceremony every month in Muharram in Bengkulu include mutual respect, mutual respect, help, and cooperation. This is evidenced in the Tabot ceremony activities open to the public so that all people can follow it and do not side with a particular religion, ethnicity, and culture of a particular community, but embrace all the differences that exist. Tabot tradition activities are not only as a religious activity but also are expected to reduce the division of society and also non-Muslims in the city of Bengkulu.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap sejarah tradisi Tabot dan nilai-nilai toleransi yang terkandung di dalamnya di setiap bulan Muharram di Masyarakat Bengkulu. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan sejarah, dengan pengumpulan data melalui dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi terhadap para pelaku Tabot, tokoh adat, dan masyarakat di Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Pertama, tradisi Tabot terkait dengan tumbuh kembang Islam di Bengkulu yang dikembangkan oleh seorang ulama Islam Syiah dari India selatan bernama Syeh Burhanuddin yang kemudian lebih dikenal dengan nama Imam Senggolo, pada abad ke-18. Ia memperkenalkan tata cara upacara Tabot kepada masyarakat Bengkulu, yang kemudian diwariskan kepada keturunannya yang berasimilasi dengan masyarakat Bengkulu. Kedua, nilai-nilai toleransi dalam upacara tabot setiap bulan Muharram di Bengkulu meliputi saling menghormati, saling menghormati, membantu, dan gotong royong. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dalam kegiatan Upacara Tabot yang terbuka untuk umum sehingga semua masyarakat dapat mengikutinya dan tidak berpihak pada agama, suku, dan budaya tertentu dari masyarakat tertentu, melainkan merangkul segala perbedaan yang ada. Kegiatan tradisi tabot tidak hanya sebagai kegiatan keagamaan tetapi juga diharapkan dapat mengurangi perpecahan masyarakat dan juga nonmuslim yang ada di kota Bengkulu.