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Background: India is a vast country with lot of diversity in race, religion and creed. The same diversity has been observed in geographical distribution of blood groups in population within country. ABO and Rh blood groups are most important blood groups in human beings. Objectives: A retrospective study was conducted at Government Medical College/ Government General Hospital Blood Bank Anantapuramu over a period of one year from January 2014 to December 2014 to determine and compare the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of one year was carried out at our blood bank in

Background: Bisphosphonates are common drugs used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Short term benefits of the bisphosphonates are well known. However, there are concerns regarding their long term use. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the association between bisphosphonate treatment and atypical femoral fractures. Material and methods: The records of nine patients from a tertiary care hospital in Bhopal were reviewed for evaluating the association between bisphosphonate use and atypical femoral fractures. The retrospective analysis was done for the indications, duration of bisphosphonate use, and configuration of associated fractures, management and outcome of the fractures. Results: All the nine patients were females with mean age of 71 years. The mean duration of bisphosphonate use was 7.2 years. Bisphosphonate treatment was given without significant risk factors before the start of treatment in all the patients. A total of 12 fractures were seen in these patients. Management was successful in all the patients who were treated conservatively. Two patients required revision surgery. Conclusion: Indiscriminate use of bisphosphonates seen in many cases and could be hazardous to the patients. There is need for improved awareness among physicians about the correct use of bisphosphonates including its indication, appropriate duration of use, need for follow up and management of associated complications.

Background: Various types of pathologies from inflammation to carcinoma are known to affect breast tissue in females. Some lesions are common in young females while others are more common in elderly age group. Accurate diagnosis is essential to relieve anxiety of patients. In case of carcinoma, early and accurate diagnosis can save the patient from metastases, thus reducing mortality and morbidity. Aims and objectives: This study is aimed to analyse the histopathological spectrum of various breast lesions and to study the distribution of breast diseases in different age groups and gender in our institute. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study performed in the Department of pathology at Government Medical College/Government General Hospital Anantapuramu over a period of four years from January 2015 to December 2018. During this period a total of 310 breast specimens were received in the Department of pathology. Histopathological examination of specimens was done to know the spectrum of breast lesions. Results: Out of 310cases, 290cases were female and 20 cases were male. 185 cases were benign breast neoplasms, 123 cases were malignant neoplasms and 02 cases were inflammatory lesions. Among the 185 cases of benign breast neoplasms, 141 cases were fibroadenoma which was the most common benign breast lesion. Out of 123 malignant breast lesions, 2 cases were Duct cell carcinoma in situ and 121 cases were invasive malignant breast lesions. Out of which 97 cases were Invasive ductal carcinoma -NOS subtype which was the most common lesion. Conclusion: 59.68% of breast lesions were benign breast lesions proving to be the majority in incidence. 39.68 % of lesions were malignant breast lesions and 0.64% were inflammatory lesions. Benign lesions were common in second to fourth decade and malignancy in fifth and sixth decades.