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Escherichia coli isolated from cases of bacteremia and from a variety of urinary tract infections were characterized according to serotype (O:H antigenicity), K type (possession of Ki, K2, K3, K12, or K13), hemagglutination (HA) type, and production of beta-hemolysin. Results obtained with the bacteremia and urinary tract infection isolates were similar except for more hemolytic isolates from urine than from blood (42 versus 29%) and more K1+ isolates from blood than from urine (50 versus 29%). A close correlation was found between HA type VI (production of fimbriae which mediate mannose-resistant HA of human and African green monkey erythrocytes) and the production of hemolysin or KI capsular antigen or both. Most (95 of 98, or 95%) of the HA type VI' blood isolates and most (146 of 164, or 89%) of the HA type VI' urine isolates produced hemolysin or Ki or both, in contrast to 22 and 26%, respectively, of those belonging to HA types other than HA type VI. Also, 76% of ail hemolytic and 70% of all K1+ isolates belonged to HA type VI. Remarkably few of the HA type VI' isolates (13%) and even fewer of the HA type VIisolates (3%) produced both Ki and hemolysin; these belonged mainly to serotypes 016:H6, 018:H7, and 02:H4. Other major serogroups were usually Kl+/hemolysin-(01, 07) or Kl-/hemoly-sin+ (02, 04, 06). At least 74% (262 of 351) and possibly as many as 83% (293 of 351) of those isolates which produced mannose-resistant HA of human erythrocytes were classified as HA type VI'; 31 isolates produced mannose-resistant HA with all erythrocytes tested. Taking serogroup and serotype into consideration, we conclude that the E. coli fimbrial hemagglutinin(s) responsible for the HA type VI phenotype wiil prove to be the same as the virulence-associated mannoseresistant adhesins of uropathogenic E. coli which other investigators have characterized as unique fimbrial antigens detectable by mannose-resistant HA of human erythrocytes.

Out of 440 dentogenic pyogenic infections, 171 exclusively caused by anaerobes were investigated to understand the importance of anaerobic bacteria in dental pyogenic processes better. Grampositive anaerobic bacteria dominated. The predominant grampositive isolates in monoinfections were Peptostreptococci and in the case of mixed infections, strains of the genus Eubacterium. Strains of Prevotella and Porphyromonas dominated the gramnegative anaerobic spectra. The resistance to penicillin was very low. Altogether, only one strain of Prevotella oris and one strain of Prevotella oralis showed resistance to penicillin.

The preoperative bacteriological diagnostic of the conjunctiva is important mainly for the prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis despite the transience and fluctuation of the conjunctival flora but also in case of endophthalmitis for rapid specific antibiotical therapy.

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