Giordano et al. [1] in 2017 published a systematic review article on WhatsApp Messenger (WhatsApp) as an adjunctive tool for telemedicine. Telemedicine is defined as the use of electronic communication technologies to provide healthcare support and information between a client and professional with expertise in the relevant field when separated by distance. They found a small number of eligible studies, which did not address ethics or security issues. It was concluded from their review that WhatsApp is a reliable, costeffective, quick and user-friendly tool that improves patient-related awareness and communication within the clinical health sector. This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

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A 34-year-old HIV-positive man with a history of chronic substance abuse was admitted with dual infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. Combined bacteraemia with S. pneumoniae and L. monocytogenes is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case documented at our institution and in South Africa. Ampicillin should be added to antibiotic regimens to improve patient outcome if L. monocytogenes infection is suspected. Co-infections that occur with L. monocytogenes may have conflicting antibiotic treatment options. This case report emphasises the need for a good relationship between the local microbiology pathologist and physician to select appropriate antibiotic treatment before definitive results are available.