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Comparative effects of atorvastatin 80 mg and rosuvastatin 40 mg on the levels of serum endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 in patients with acute myocardial infarction Introduction Myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2015, more than 8.75 million people lost their lives due to coronary artery disease (CAD), accounting for 15.5% of all deaths (1). Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and disruption-rupture of atherosclerotic plaques play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (2-5). Endothelial specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) or endocan, is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, secreted and expressed by human vascular endothelial cells (6). The elevated levels of the endocan in patients with tumor progression or in patients with sepsis suggest that endocan may be a probable biomarker for endothelial dysfunction or endothelial activation (7, 8). A previous study showed that endocan levels have been significantly increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (9). In another study, admission endocan levels were found to be associated with in-hospital mortality and the CAD severity index in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (10). Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ and regulates energy homeostasis and metabolism by communicating with Objective: Endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 are discrete biomarkers associated with cardiovascular diseases and acting through different pathophysiological pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of high doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on serum endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Sixty-three patients with AMI were randomized to receive atorvastatin (80 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) after percutaneous revascularization. Serum levels of endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 were evaluated at baseline and after 4-week therapy. Results: Endocan levels were not decreased statistically significantly with atorvastatin 80 mg, but rosuvastatin 40 mg markedly decreased the levels of endocan according to baseline [from 110.27 (86.03-143.69) pg/mL to 99.22 (78.30-122.87) pg/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg and from 110.73 (77.28-165.22) pg/mL to 93.40 (70.48-115.13) pg/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p=0.242 for atorvastatin 80 mg and p=0.014 for rosuvastatin 40 mg]. Chemerin levels significantly decreased in both groups according to baseline [from 264.90 (196.00-525.95) ng/mL to 135.00 (105.95-225.65) ng/ mL with atorvastatin 80 mg and from 309.95 (168.87-701.27) ng/mL to 121.25 (86.60-212.65) ng/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p<0.001, respectively, for both groups]. Galectin-3 levels did not change markedly with atorvastatin 80 mg, but they decreased with rosuvastatin 40 mg [from 17.00 (13.10-22.25) ng/mL to 19.30 (15.25-23.45) ng/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg, p=0.721, and from 18.25 (12.82-23.82) ng/mL to 16.60 (10.60-20.15) ng/ mL with rosuvastatin 4...

Özet: Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin zihinsel engelli bireylere yönelik sosyal mesafelerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, Hemşirelik Bölümüne devam eden 129 birinci ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencisiyle nicel araştırma tekniklerinden tarama araştırması kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini belirlemek için "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", zihinsel engelli bireylere yönelik sosyal mesafelerini belirlemek için de "Sosyal Mesafe Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların ortalama sosyal mesafeleri değerlendirildiğinde zihinsel engellilere yönelik sosyal mesafelerinin var olduğu, ancak düşük bir sosyal mesafeye sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; yaş, cinsiyet, devam edilen sınıf, zihinsel engelli yakına sahip olma durumu ve zihinsel engelliliğe dair eğitim alma durumuna göre sosyal mesafenin değişmediği gözlenmiştir. Ancak zihinsel engelli hasta ile çalıştığını ve zihinsel engelli bireylere dair bilgisi olduğunu ifade eden öğrencilerin diğerlerine göre daha az sosyal mesafesi olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, gerek müfredat programlarında yer alabilecek zihinsel engelli bireylerle çalışma sürecine ilişkin derslerin/konuların gerekse zihinsel engelli bireylerle çalışma deneyiminin, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sosyal mesafelerinin azaltılmasına ve daha etkili iletişimin kurulmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Abstract: This research was conducted to examine the social distances of nursing students towards individuals with intellectual disabilities. The research was carried out using a screening search from quantitative research techniques with 129 first and fourth grade students attending the Nursing Department. A Personal Information Form was used to determine the demographics of the participants and the Social Distance Scale was used to identify social distances towards individuals with intellectual disabilities. When participants' average social distances were assessed, it was found that social distances towards individuals with intellectual disabilities existed but had a low social distance.According to the findings of the research; it was observed that the social distance did not change according to age, sex, ongoing class, the status of having close relatives with intellectual disabilities, and receiving education on intellectual disabilities. However, it has been found that students who work with patients with intellectual disabilities and that they have knowledge of individuals with intellectual disabilities have less social distance than others. When the results obtained are evaluated: While preparing the curriculum for the reduction of the social distances of nursing students, attention should be paid to whether there are courses related to the working process with individuals with intellectual disabilities. In addition, the experience of working with individuals with intellectual disabilities were found to be important. They are thought to contribute to reducing social distances of nursing students and establishing more ...

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight different surface treatment and three different composite resin on the microleakage in the repair of a nanohybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: For repair procedure standard size blocks prepared with nanohybrid composite resin Filtek Z550 (3M ESPE) were classified into Group 1 (control), Group 2 (frez), Group 3 (frez + silane), Group 4, Group 5 (Al2O3 + silane), Group 6 (tribochemical silica coating), Group 7 (laser), Group 8 (laser + silane). The prepared samples were subjected to 5000 termal cycles and surface treatments. Each group was divided into three subgrups for application of repair composites (Filtek Z550, Gaenial Flo (GC) and Vertise Flow (Kerr)) the lower subgroup was separated. After the repair treatment, the samples were again subjected to termal cycling. Then, a microleakage test was made and the data evaluated statistically. Results: The surface treatments for each composite resins were not statistically different when evaluated among themselves (p>0.05). The composite resins for each surface treatments were not statistically different when evaluated among themselves (p>0.05). Conclusion: Additional equipment and costly methods for surface treatment in composite restorations did not make any difference due to microleakage.