The dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol extracts from the leaves, roots, and flowers of the five species of Gentiana (Gentiana asclepiadea, Gentiana cruciata, Gentiana olivieri, Gentiana septemfida, and Gentiana verna) and Gentianella caucasea were investigated for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and antioxidant effect using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, metal-chelation capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The presence of some characteristic compounds found in Gentiana species (gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, isoorientin, isovitexin and vitexin) was analyzed in the extracts by thin layer chromatography. The flower DCM extract of G. verna exerted the highest inhibition against AChE (53.65 ± 1.03%), whereas the root EtOAc extract of G. cruciata was the most effective in BChE inhibition assay (50.72 ± 0.75%) at 100 μg ml⁻¹. The extracts of G. verna were also found to be more active in the antioxidant tests.
Background:Gentiana olivieri Griseb. (Afat) (Gentianaceae), which has many bioactive compounds is used as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, digestive aid, antidepressant, and antianemic in traditional medicine.Materials and Methods:Root, stem, and leaf sections of G. olivieri were taken free hand or by sliding microtome and examined on light microscope.Results:Anatomical characters of the species were observed to be similar to the usual features of Gentianaceae anatomy.Conclusion:Intraxylary phloem, which was primarily the distinguishing feature between Gentianoideae and Menyanthoideae sub-families was observed in G. olivieri roots.
Gaziantep yöresinde Afat olarak bilinen Gentiana olivieri'nin herbası, halk arasında iştah açıcı, sindirime yardımcı, antidiyabetik, antianemik, antihepatotoksik ve sakinleştirici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, in vitro çimlendirilen G. olivieri'den alınan kök ve yaprak eksplantlarının karanlıkta kallus üretim kapasitesi araştırılmıştır. WPM ve MS ortamlarına kallus dokusu oluşumunu uyarmak için 0.5 mg L-1 BAP-1 mg L-1 NAA ile 0.2 ve 0.5 mg L-1 Kinetin-1 mg L-1 NAA kullanılmıştır. Kalluslar her 4 haftada bir alt kültüre alınmıştır. Kallus miktarındaki artışı belirlemek için kallus büyüme indeksi hesaplanmıştır. En iyi kallus gelişimi yaprak eksplantında, 0.5 mg L-1 BAP-1 mg L-1 NAA içeren WPM'de eksplant ekimini takiben 4 hafta sonra gözlenirken, kök eksplantında ise 0.2 mg L-1 Kinetin-1 mg L-1 NAA içeren MS ortamında, 8 hafta sonra gözlenmiştir. Yaprak eksplantından WPM'de üç alt kültür süresince oluşan kalluslar, metanol ile ekstre edilmiştir. Sekonder metabolitler ince tabaka kromatografisiyle (İTK) incelenmiştir. Plaklarda, iridoit yapısında olduğu düşünülen lekeler gözlenmiştir.
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