Monitoring systems are important for debugging and analyzing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In passive monitoring, a monitoring network needs to be deployed in addition to the network to be monitored, named the target network. The monitoring network captures and analyzes packets transmitted by the target network. An energy-efficient passive monitoring system is necessary when we need to monitor a WSN in a real scenario because the lifetime of the monitoring network is extended and, consequently, the target network benefits from the monitoring for a longer time. In this work, we have identified, analyzed and compared the main passive monitoring systems proposed for WSN. During our research, we did not identify any passive monitoring system for WSN that aims to reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring network. Therefore, we propose an Energy-efficient Passive MOnitoring SysTem for WSN named EPMOSt that provides monitoring information using a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent. Thus, any management tool that supports the SNMP protocol can be integrated with this monitoring system. Experiments with real sensors were performed in several scenarios. The results obtained show the energy efficiency of the proposed monitoring system and the viability of using it to monitor WSN in real scenarios.
We can improve the performance of wireless mesh networks by using multiple interfaces tuned to non-overlapping channels. A Channel and Interface Assignment (CIA) decides when to switch interfaces and which channel to use. Surprisingly, the impact of CIAs on connectivity has received little attention so far. In this paper, we present a comparison and performance evaluation of the existing CIA strategies addressing the connectivity issues: network topology, density of connections, and neighbor discovery. The results presented in this paper provide guidelines for network designers in planning multi-channel multi-interface network deployments.
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