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The Modular Multilevel Converter (M2C) is a relatively recent addition to the family of multilevel power converters. This paper describes the topology, dynamic phasor modeling, and operation of a voltage boosting DC-AC Modular Multilevel Converter. A "Semi-Full Bridge" submodule with only two controlled semiconductors and immune to shoot-through faults suitable for such applications is presented. An inherently scalable averaged model using dynamic phasors is also presented, with a control methodology to reduce losses and attenuate unwanted current harmonics in the arms and capacitors. Verification of the model is provided with simulations and an experimental prototype power converter.

Abstract-Total Ionization Dose (TID) is traditionally measured by radiation sensitive FETs (RADFETs) that require a radiation hardened Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) stage. This work introduces a TID sensor based on a delay path whose propagation time is sensitive to the absorbed radiation. It presents the following advantages: it is a digital sensor able to be integrated in CMOS circuits and programmable systems such as FPGAs; it has a configurable sensitivity that allows to use this device for radiation doses ranging from very low to relatively high levels; its interface helps to integrate this sensor in a multidisciplinary sensor network; it is self-timed, hence it does not need a clock signal that can degrade its accuracy. The sensor has been prototyped in a 0.35/itm technology, has an area of 0.047mm2, of which 22% is dedicated to measuring radiation, and an energy per conversion of 463pJ. Experimental irradiation tests have validated the correct response of the proposed TID sensor.

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