This paper provides a framework to analyze the maturity of humanitarian logistics systems to face crisis situations related to recurrent events, and thus to identify the main areas of action and the community needs in terms of crisis logistics planning. First, the main notions of humanitarian logistics systems planning, and the theoretical contribution of maturity models are presented. Second, a maturity model for humanitarian logistics systems is proposed and the main categories of elements defining maturity extracted from literature. Then, the methodology to define the main elements of the maturity model via evidence is presented. This methodology combines a literature overview, a documentary analysis, and the development of three case studies, two located in Colombia and one in Peru. The main elements that characterize capability maturity model in humanitarian logistics systems facing recurrent crises are identified, from which the administration of donations, design of a distribution network, and the choice of suppliers are highlighted. The practical implications of the framework are proposed to allow its use to anticipate humanitarian logistics system for future crises. The framework allowed a first analysis guide and will be further extended.

ABSTRACT:Humanitarian logistics has taken a big boost as a study area because of the increased frequency of natural disasters worldwide. Within this area, there is a particular issue that has received little attention in the literature, regarding the aid received in the aftermath of a disaster. This problem may occur as an oversupply of goods, the arrival of unneeded products, or the supply of expired goods. The lack of coordination between the actors involved in relief operations can be conceived as one of the leading causes of this problem, which is called material convergence. This paper focuses on the material convergence problem, to humanitarian logistics introducing a computational theoretical approach to this problem using agent-based modeling where flows, actors and their relationships are characterized by measuring the impact on the logistics performance of the response system. Followed by the simulation, an experimental analysis of the results is performed with three different system configurations. Finally, a scenario is proposed that facilitates coordination between actors where logistics performance indicators show better results regarding response speed and coverage. RESUMEN:La logística humanitaria ha tomado un gran impulso como área de estudio, esto a causa del aumento en la frecuencia de desastres naturales a nivel global. Dentro de esta área existe un problema en particular poco tratado en la literatura, el cual se encuentra relacionado con las ayudas recibidas luego del acontecimiento de un desastre. Este problema puede presentarse como un exceso en la oferta de suministros, la llegada de productos no necesitados o el abasto de bienes vencidos. La falta de coordinación entre los actores involucrados en las operaciones de ayuda puede concebirse como una de las causas de la problemática, denominada convergencia de materiales. Este artículo se centra en la problemática de la convergencia de materiales en logística humanitaria. Se presenta una aproximación teórica computacional del problema utilizando modelado basado en agentes, donde se caracterizan los flujos, los actores y sus interrelaciones, para medir el impacto en el desempeño logístico. Seguido de la simulación se realiza un análisis experimental de los resultados con tres diferentes configuraciones del sistema. Por último, se establece qué factores facilitan la resolución al problema descrito donde los indicadores de desempeño logístico presentan mejores resultados en términos de velocidad de respuesta y cobertura.

The production and distribution of Bienestarina to the vulnerable population of Colombia is one of the strategies of the Colombian Institute of Familiar Wellness (ICBF) to fight malnutrition, especially among children. This case is a good example of establishing food security and social improvement logistics that merits particular attention. The chapter presents an analysis of the Bienestarina supply chain based on the four elements: steering, organization, development, and financial issues. First, an overview of social improvement logistics and the Bienestarina context is provided. Second, theoretical frameworks related to the case are presented. Third, the case is described on the basis of the proposed analysis framework. Finally, generalization issues and conclusions allow the authors proposing the first characterization of social improvement logistics.

The production and distribution of Bienestarina to the vulnerable population of Colombia is one of the strategies of the Colombian Institute of Familiar Wellness (ICBF) to fight malnutrition, especially among children. This case is a good example of establishing food security and social improvement logistics that merits particular attention. The chapter presents an analysis of the Bienestarina supply chain based on the four elements: steering, organization, development, and financial issues. First, an overview of social improvement logistics and the Bienestarina context is provided. Second, theoretical frameworks related to the case are presented. Third, the case is described on the basis of the proposed analysis framework. Finally, generalization issues and conclusions allow the authors proposing the first characterization of social improvement logistics.