It was this paper's intention to contribute with an evidence analysis of recent studies approaching neuroprotective effects of flavonols and the potential to conduct human clinical studies.

Pericallosal artery aneurysms should have a better prognosis than the aneurysms located in the other parts of the circle of Willis. Complications are related to the patients" age. If possible, these aneurysms should always be clipped due to potential risk of bleeding and difficulty of embolization.

Background: Gliomas are aggressive and resilient tumors. Progression to advanced stages of malignancy, characterized by cell anaplasia, necrosis, and reduced response to conventional surgery or therapeutic adjuvant, are critical challenges in glioma therapy. Relapse of the disease poses a considerable challenge for management. Hence, new compounds are required to improve therapeutic response. As hydrolyzed rutin (HR), a compound modified via rutin deglycosylation, as well as some flavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative effect for glioblastoma, these are considered potential epigenetic drugs. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antitumor activity and evaluate the potential for modifying tumor aggressivity of rutin hydrolysates for treating both primary and relapsed glioblastoma. Methods: The glioblastoma cell line, U251, was used for analyzing cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis and for establishing the GBM mouse model. Mice with GBM were treated with HR to verify antitumor activity. Histological analysis was used to evaluate HR interference in aggressive behavior and glioma grade. Immunohistochemistry, comet assay, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were used to evaluate the mechanism of HR action. Results: HR is an antiproliferative and antitumoral compound that inhibits the cell cycle via a p53- independent pathway. HR reduces tumor growth and aggression, mainly by decreasing mitosis and necrosis rates without genotoxicity, which is suggestive of epigenetic modulation. Conclusion: HR possesses antitumor activity and decreases anaplasia in glioblastoma, inhibiting progression to malignant stages of the disease. HR can improve the effectiveness of response to conventional therapy, which has a crucial role in recurrent glioma.

RESUMO Introdução:A dor lombar constitui causa frequente de morbidade e incapacidade, sendo a senescência patológica das facetas articulares da coluna vertebral uma das principais causas de lombalgia. Objetivo: Relatar os resultados obtidos no tratamento de pacientes idosos com lombalgia crônica através de analgesia peridural associada a rizotomia química percutânea de faceta. Método: O critério de inclusão neste estudo foi pacientes com presença de lombalgia crônica, sendo aplicada escala numérica de dor (END) para análise da dor pré-e pós-operatória no seguimento ambulatorial. Os pacientes foram submetidos a analgesia peridural seguida de rizotomia química percutânea de facetas articulares bilateralmente sob radioscopia intra-operatória. Resultados: Este estudo foi constituído de 19 pacientes. A pontuação média na END no pré e pós-operatório foi 8,2 e 1,9 pontos, respectivamente, com tempo médio de seguimento de 50 meses. Não houve óbitos ou complicações durante e após o ato cirúrgico, e os pacientes receberam alta hospitalar no mesmo dia da internação. Conclusão: São pontos favoráveis desta terapêutica: o menor tempo de internação hospitalar, segurança e baixo custo para execução. Esta associação de técnicas neurocirúrgicas apresenta-se como opção terapêutica promissora. Palavras-chave: Lombalgia; Manejo da Dor; Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos; Idoso.ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain is a frequent cause of morbidity and incapacity and the spine facet joint dysfunction is one of the main causes. Objective: This paper aims to report the results obtained in the treatment of the elderly who suffer from chronic low back pain with epidural anesthesia associated to percutaneous chemical rhizotomy of facet joint. Methods: Inclusion criteria was patients who suffer from low back pain. The numerical scale of pain (NSP) was applied to analysis in the preoperative and postoperative pain in outpatients. The patients were submitted to epidural anesthesia associated to percutaneous chemical rhizotomy of facet joint bilaterally with intraoperative radioscopy aid. Results: This paper consisted of 19 patients. Mean scores were 8.2 and 1.8 points in the preoperative and postoperative period, respectively. The average follow-up was 50 months. There was no death or complication during and after the procedure, and patients were discharged on the day of admission. Conclusion: The shorter hospitalization stay, safety and low cost are favorable points of this therapy. This neurosurgical techniques association is presented as a promising therapeutic option for low back pain. IntroduçãoA dor lombar ou lombalgia é definida como uma condição clínica de dor regional moderada ou intensa, anatomicamente distribuída entre o último arco costal e a prega glútea. Frequentemente é acompanhada de limitações de movimento com etiologia variada podendo ser desencadeada por fatores de risco biológicos, mecânicos e cognitivos 21,50,57 . A lombalgia constitui causa frequente de morbidade e 274 Original Pacheco CC, Camporeze B, Estevão IA, Mariano PM, J...

selective condition, the effects of the mutation of interest can be analysed by measuring the proportion of each barcode in genomic DNA by real-time quantitative PCR or deep sequencing. Results and discussions We used this CRISPR-barcoding strategy to model different mechanisms of non-small-cell lung cancer resistance to EGFR inhibitors, and we established a multiplex system to evaluate the efficacy of combined drug therapies aimed at preventing or delaying the emergence of resistant cells. Through a similar approach, we assessed the effects of repairing oncogenic driver mutations in addicted cancer cells directly at the genome level. Finally, we used a highly complex set of CRISPR-barcodes to trace intratumor heterogeneity, as a convenient alternative strategy to lentiviral barcode libraries. Conclusion CRISPR-barcoding is a fast and highly flexible means to investigate the effects of different kinds of genomic modifications in a broad range of functional assays.