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Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is a native species of South America used to prepare traditional beverages. Recently a possible effect of its infusion on oxidative stress found in dyslipidemias has been reported. The main compounds related to these activities are phenolic compounds derived from chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to determine the anticholesteremic effect of the hydroethanolic extract (HEIP) and its n-butanolic fraction (n-BFIP), with standardized content of phenolic compounds derived from chlorogenic acid, in rats treated with high-fat diet (HFD). The contents of these compounds in the ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction were respectively two and three times higher than in traditional infusion with predominance of dicaffeoylquinic derivatives. The extracts were able to reduce serum triglycerides and cholesterol and decrease the atherogenic index in treated animals. These results support a potential effect of the mate extract in cardiovascular disease.

This study was to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of two formulations of furosemide (CAS 54-31-9) 40 mg tablets, administered as a single dose to healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of furosemide were determined with a validated method by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We obtained the parameters: AUC 0-t , AUC 0-∞ , K el , T 1/2 , C max e T max. The following parameters were determined in urine: Sodium, Potassium and Chlorine and the total volume. The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of C max (93.63-121.92%), AUC 0-t (96.80-115.72%) and AUC 0-∞ (98.45-117.43%) respectively for test and reference. Statistical analysis of the similarity of the parameters for urinary volume, excretion of sodium, potassium and chlorine and assuming that both formulations reach the same plasma levels, we expect that the pharmacological effect is also the same. Whereas the rate and extent of absorption, both products can be considered therapeutic equivalents.

-Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) contains phytochemical compounds capable of preventing a number of health problems. Knowledge on the genetic contribution to the variability in these compounds can help to obtain mate progenies with higher levels thereof in breeding programs. The composition of triterpene saponins, methylxanthines, chlorogenic acid and the antioxidant activity of eight mate progenies were evaluated. Significant differences among progenies were verified in contents of triterpene saponins (0.003-0.080%), caffeine (0.226-1.377%), theobromine (0.176-0.831%), and chlorogenic acid (1.344-2.031%) and in antioxidant activity (31.251-51.406%). The contents of theobromine were found to be negatively correlated with saponins and caffeine, and caffeine with chlorogenic acid, while theobromine was positively correlated with chlorogenic acid. The heritability values for saponins (75.09%), caffeine (75.19%), theobromine (66.87%), chlorogenic acid (52.86%) and antioxidant activity (67.75%) indicate the possibility of genetic gain in selection for these traits.