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Merit pay plans are becom ing increas ingly pop u lar in non profit orga ni za tions, despite their down side risk. One risk is the poten tial neg a tive effect of the plan on employ ees' intrin sic moti va tion. The authors inves ti gated employee moti va tion in a study of a nonprofit orga ni za tion before and after the imple men ta tion of a merit pay sys tem. Results sug gest that merit pay pro duced a decline in intrin sic moti va tion for employ ees ini tially highly intrin si cally moti vated. Jus tice-related fac tors also had an effect. Employees whoindi cated a pref er ence for merit pay and believed that their per for mance was appraised unfairly expe ri enced a sig nif i cant decline in intrin sic moti va tion after the merit pay plan was imple mented.

development of a code of ethics, ethical culture, ethical leadership, ethical validity,

In this article, we demonstrate that an exercise using metaphors to overcome cognitive biases helped students to proactively imagine and prepare for an expanded set of potential crises. The exercise complements traditional textbook approaches to crisis management and incorporates creativity skill building in a realistic context. Learning outcomes included an enhanced appreciation of det rimental effects of cognitive biases, improved skill in using metaphor to overcome these biases, an understanding of the benefits of proactive crisis management, and experience in formulating a crisis management plan. We describe the exe rcise, suggest debriefing questions, and discuss benefits to students.

This paper presents a complex, but realistic, picture of the lived experience in assisted living (AL), and provokes thoughtful reflection about the operational and ethical challenges faced in the delivery of care to an increasingly frail population in a typical AL facility. Developed from the findings of a two-year qualitative research project, the case represents a composite of selected data collected at five AL facilities that participated in the study. Students will participate in individual and small group exercises that challenge them to identify everyday ethical concerns in AL, and to suggest ways that management can address these issues. The case is suitable for cross-disciplinary use, and can be effectively applied in the fields of management, health care administration, sociology, gerontology, social work, and nursing, either on the graduate or undergraduate level. It is especially well suited to courses that incorporate the topics of long-term care, senior housing, or ethics.