Background Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute monophasic immune‐mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, preceded by gastrointestinal or respiratory infections in up to two‐thirds of patients. On rare occasions, people develop GBS after vaccination, but no causal association has been proven. In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, some cases have been reported associating COVID‐19 vaccine with GBS. Case presentation We report a case of a 62‐year‐old woman with GBS after the first dose of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2. The symptoms started 3 weeks after the vaccine, and were characterized by ascending and progressive paresthesia in the upper and lower limbs, followed by loss of strength of the upper limbs and dysphagia for solids. The hypothesis of GBS was confirmed by clinical presentation compatible with albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid and based on the Brighton criteria level 2. The treatment was a 5‐day course of intravenous immunoglobulin with an improvement of symptoms. Conclusions In the absence of other causes, the diagnosis of GBS was made, with evidence of a clear temporal association with COVID‐19 vaccine. However, a cautious position is important when assigning a particular side‐effect directly to a vaccine. It is important to emphasize that it is a temporal association only and the benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination continue to outweigh the possible consequences.

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of Anti-IgLON5 syndrome. The IgLON proteins are a family of cell adhesion molecules and the presence of antibodies against IgLON5 is crucial for the Anti-IgLON5 Syndrome diagnosis. This syndrome has an expanded clinical spectrum that involves prominent sleep disorder, progressive bulbar dysfunction, gait instability with abnormal eye movements reminiscent, and cognitive deterioration sometimes associated with chorea. The main neuropathological finding is the neuronal loss with hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau) protein accumulation at the hypothalamus, brainstem tegmentum, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray matter, medulla oblongata, and upper cervical cord. The exact pathogenesis is still unclear and involves a neurodegenerative process and autoimmune response. Early diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary tests and prevent complications. Important resources for diagnosis are the antibody testing of serum and CSF for IgLON5-IgG. The Anti-IgLON5 syndrome mortality is high and new studies published described a good response to immune therapy. However, the response to immune therapy depends on some clinical and analytical characteristics. In addition, future studies are needed to thoroughly analyze the aspects of pathogenesis and treatment of this important pathological syndrome.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de anemia ferropriva em gestantes em uma maternidade de referência de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, do tipo corte transversal, de março a maio de 2017, em uma maternidade pública do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos através da revisão dos prontuários, carteirinhas de pré-natal, e aplicação de questionário padronizado às parturientes no período de pós-parto imediato. O desfecho analisado foi a presença de anemia gestacional e construído modelos de regressão logística multinominal para cálculo de razão de chance, e ajustada para variáveis de confusão. O nível de significância estatística adotado é de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Das 740 parturientes avaliadas, 263 (35,6%) tiveram valor de hemoglobina que indicasse anemia gestacional em um dos três trimestres. A população anêmica caracterizou-se por menor idade materna, escolaridade e porcentagem de puérperas casadas, maior prevalência de IMC abaixo do peso e início do pré-natal mais precoce. Conclusão: A prevalência de anemia gestacional nesse estudo foi de 36,5%.

The coronavirus disease , that assumed pandemic proportions in March 2020, mainly affects the respiratory tract, causing severe interstitial pneumonia in adults. Worldwide data indicate that COVID-19 tends to be more benign in children, which is evidenced by a high incidence of asymptomatic or mild upper airways' infection cases in this population. However, recent studies have been associating Kawasaki-like symptoms as a nonclassical presentation of coronavirus disease in pediatrics. It is suggested that the intense cytokine cascade, promoted by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, can trigger a multisystem inflammatory response as an atypical Kawasaki form in genetically predisposed individuals. In this context, patients may develop more severe clinical features with a greater predisposition to myocardial involvement, Macrophage Activation Syndrome, and Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome. Despite critical conditions, patients usually respond to conventional treatment of Kawasaki Disease with intravenous immunoglobulin. This article intends to provide an approach to the association between Kawasaki-Like Syndrome and COVID-19. BackgroundThe Sars-CoV-2 virus was initially isolated in the city of Wuhan, China, during a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause in December 2019, a disease then named COVID-19. Due to its progressive worldwide spread, the World Health Organization decreed, three months later, the state of pandemic. 1 Sars-CoV-2 usually affects the respiratory tract, causing severe interstitial pneumonia in adults. In children, however, it tends to be more benign, manifesting asymptomatically or as a mild infection of upper airways. A systematic review that assessed a 12-case series of children from China found that 39%-82% of the patients with COVID-19 developed a moderate course of the disease. 2 A minority of pediatric cases presented severity, with respiratory failure, shock, coagulation dysfunction, and renal injury. 3,4 Data from many countries indicate that the rate of Sars-CoV-2 infection in the population under 18 is low, ranging from 1%-2%. Among the cases, the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes is even rarer. A cohort study by DeBiasi et al., 5 with 177 young patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease found that 44 (24.8%) patients needed hospitalization, among these, only 9 (2.8%) were critically ill. 5 Interestingly, one of them developed hypotension and myocardial depression associated with signs of hyperinflammatory state, a Kawasaki-like presentation. Despite being an unusual manifestation, the increase in the number of reported associations between Kawasaki Disease (KD) and COVID-19 in children raises new concerns about its consequences. 5,6 Search Methods: In order to develop a nonsystematic narrative review, we executed literature searches in multiple databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, and Medscape) with no time restriction for articles published in English. Search terms included the keywords: "Sars-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "Kawasaki-like", "MIS-C", "PIMS-TS" and "Autoimmune disease". We emphasized i...

No abstract