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The formation of volatile compounds in Turkish Divle Cave cheese produced in 3 different dairy farms was determined during production and ripening, revealing 110 compounds including acids, alcohols, ketones, esters, and terpenes. The presence and concentration of these volatile compounds varied between specific phases of the production and the 120-d ripening process. Smaller differences were also detected between cheeses produced at different farms. Carboxylic acids were established as a major class at the end of ripening. The relative amounts of acids and ketones increased until d 90 of ripening, whereas alcohols increased for the first 30d and tailed off during the remaining part of the ripening process. The level of esters increased gradually until the end of ripening. Butanoic, acetic, and valeric acids, 2-butanol, 2-butanone, 2-heptanone, ethyl butanoate, α-pinene, and toluene were the most abundant compounds, likely contributing to the characteristic aroma of this traditional cheese.

The effect of addition of pregastric lipase enzyme on the accelerated ripening of white pickled cheese was investigated. Commercial pregastric lipase was added to milk before rennet addition at a level of 0,5, 8, 11 g per 100 L of milk and cheeses were made from this milk. Total solids, fat, total nitrogen, salt, titratable acidity, pH and free fatty acids (C2‐C18:1) were analysed in the samples during 1–90 days of ripening period at 15 days intervals. Total solids, fat, total nitrogen, salt, titratable acidity, and pH of cheeses slightly increased during the ripening period. Free fatty acids and volatile free fatty acid contents in cheeses made from pregastric lipase added milk were affected by pregastric lipase and their contents were increased significantly (P<0.01) during the ripening period. Particularly, when cheese had a high level (11 g per 100 L milk) pregastric lipase, the amounts of butyric, caproic and caprylic acids in white pickled cheese were quite high. The relative amounts of volatile free fatty acids varied with storage time and pregastric lipase levels.

ÖZBu çalışmada ayran üretiminde kullanılan çiğ sütün kurumadde standardizasyonunda farklı oranlarda (su yerine seyreltme sıvısının %25, 50, 75 ve 100'ü kadar) peynir altı suyu (PAS) kullanılarak üretilen ayranların nitelikleri incelenmiştir. Ayran üretiminde su yerine, çoğunlukla atık olarak görülen PAS kullanılarak ayranın besleyici özelliğini artırmak ve PAS'a kullanım alanı yaratmak bu çalışmanın esas amacıdır. Ayran örneklerinde depolamanın 1., 7. ve 15. günlerinde serum ayrılması (%), titrasyon asitliği (°SH), pH-değeri, görünür viskozite (cP), kurumadde (%), yağ içeriği (%) ve duyusal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Belirtilen özellikler açısından %25, 50 ve 75 oranında PAS ilave edilmiş örneklerin kontrol örneğine benzer sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca duyusal değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre bu örneklerin beğenilirliği kontrol örneğine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. %100 oranında PAS ilave edilmiş örnek ise incelenen özellikler açısından kabul edilemez nitelikte bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayran, Peynir altı suyu, Duyusal değerlendirme Some Properties of Ayran Samples Produced with Different Ratios of Whey ABSTRACTIn this study, some properties of ayran diluted with whey at different ratios (25, 50, 75 and 100% of diluent) were determined. The main objective was to increase nutritional quality of ayran by using whey instead of water and to create a new area of utilization for whey, which is generally regarded as a waste product. The serum separation (%), titratable acidity (°SH), pH value, viscosity (cP), total solid (%), fat content (%) and sensory properties of ayran samples were determined on the 1 st , 7 th and 15 th days of storage. Results revealed that samples diluted with whey at ratios of 25, 50 and 75% were comparable to control sample. Furthermore, according to sensory evaluation results these samples diluted with whey were more acceptable than the control sample. The sample diluted with whey at a ratio of 100% was unacceptable in terms of properties analyzed.

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