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Objectives A nutrient-dense snack such as fruit may promote greater satiety which may be associated with lower food intake and weight management. Mangos could be a healthful alternative to a less nutritious snack due to its many beneficial dietary compounds. Along with carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and many vitamins and minerals, mangos also have polyphenols and phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mangos on postprandial glucose and insulin responses as well as satiety hormone levels. Methods In a randomized crossover study design, 23 overweight and obese adults consumed either 100 Kcal of fresh mangos or isocaloric low-fat cookies for two separate occasions. Subjects came in overnight fasted and a venous blood draw was taken. They were then asked to complete the snack around 5 minutes. After 45-minutes of the participant's last bite, another venous blood draw was taken. Blood samples were analyzed for insulin, glucose and the satiety hormones leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY). Results Both the mango and low-fat cookie consumption increased glucose and insulin with significantly less increase in mangos compared to low-fat cookies at 45-minute post snack consumption (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in satiety hormones leptin, ghrelin and PYY levels between the two snacks. There was a significant increase in CCK for both mango and low-fat cookie post snack consumption (P = 0.008). However, no differences between the two were found. Adiponectin significantly increased with post-consumption of mango (P = 0.032) and there were no significant differences with post-consumption of the low-fat cookie. Conclusions Mangos help maintain stable blood glucose and insulin levels post-consumption which in part correlates with increases of adiponectin levels. These results suggest mangos are a beneficial snack for those looking to lose weight or have a medical condition in which stabilizing postprandial glycemic response is critical. Future research on the long-term effects of mango consumption on satiety hormone levels and glucose response is warranted. Funding Sources The National Mango Board (#603,024).

Objectives Mangos contain many beneficial dietary compounds including vitamins, minerals, fiber, and are a unique source of certain polyphenols such as mangiferin. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that mangos may have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. However, the effects of fresh mango consumption in humans are less clear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of fresh mango consumption compared to an isocaloric snack (low-fat cookies) on body weight, body fat, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, liver function enzymes, inflammation, and antioxidant activity in overweight and obese adults. Methods In a randomized crossover design, 27 overweight and obese adults (11 females, 16 males, age 26 ± 8.1 years) consumed 100 Kcal of fresh mangos (166g) or isocaloric low-fat cookies (24g) daily for 12 weeks. Following an overnight fast, a venous blood draw was taken at baseline, week 4, and week 12. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, liver function enzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). At each visit, body weight, body fat percentage, and blood pressure were measured. Results Twelve weeks of daily mango consumption significantly decreased blood glucose, CRP, and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity while TAC significantly increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in body weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, insulin, lipid profile, or other liver function enzymes following mango consumption. Cookie consumption significantly increased insulin, CRP, and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Conclusions Mango consumption improved certain chronic disease risk factors including reductions in fasting glucose and inflammation while lipid profiles and anthropometric measurements were not affected. These results suggest that relative to the control snack, daily mango consumption may improve certain risk factors associated with overweight and obesity and should be considered for future research as they contain unique bioactive compounds. Funding Sources This study was funded by the National Mango Board.

Objectives Nut consumption has been shown to have a wide range of health benefits from lowering cholesterol to extending longevity. Due to their prebiotic content, one potential mechanism is that nuts favorably impact the symbiotic relationship of the gut microbiome. So far studies have investigated the role of individual types of nuts, but more research is needed to determine if favorable microbiota changes extend to a nut mixture, which is often how people consume nuts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily mixed nut consumption on microbiome diversity as it relates to human health. Methods Subjects (N = 20) were randomized into two groups either consuming 42g (250 Kcal) of mixed nuts (n = 10, 9 females, 1 male, age 24.5 ± 1.2 y, BMI 24.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2) containing cashews, almonds, pecans, peanuts, walnuts, pistachios, Brazil and macadamia nuts or 46g of iso-caloric lightly salted potato chips (n = 10, 8 females, 2 males, age 24.2 ± 1.0 y, BMI 23.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2) every day for three weeks. Stool samples were collected at baseline and week three in DNA/RNA shield solution and isolated DNA was sequenced using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiome data were analyzed for alpha and beta diversity and taxa abundance using R. Results The intervention did not lead to significant changes in microbiota composition at the phyla or genera level; however, a trend towards a decreased Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio was observed after consumption of potato chips for three weeks while an opposite trend was observed following mixed nut consumption. For within-subject (alpha) and between-subject (beta) diversity there were no significant changes at the species level. A significant (P = 0.018) 11.9 log fold increase in Dialister invisus was observed in the potato chips group. Although not statistically significant, the mixed nuts group had a 7.1 log fold decrease in Prevotella bivia (P = 0.058), a 4.5 log fold decrease in Eubacterium dolichum and a 3.6 log fold increase in Bifidobacterium longum. Conclusions Results indicate that the consumption of mixed nuts did not lead to a significant shift in microbiota composition; however, trends at the phyla and species levels suggest a longer intervention may be needed to observe microbiota changes that may contribute to human health. Funding Sources American Heart Association (16GRNT31360007).