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PurposeThe increasing demand for esthetically pleasing results has contributed to the use of ceramics for dental implant abutments. The aim of this study was to compare the biological response of epithelial tissue cultivated on lithium disilicate (LS2) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) ceramics. Understanding the relevant physicochemical and mechanical properties of these ceramics will help identify the optimal material for facilitating gingival wound closure.MethodsBoth biomaterials were prepared with 2 different surface treatments: raw and polished. Their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed by contact angle measurements, scanning white-light interferometry, and scanning electron microscopy. An organotypic culture was then performed using a chicken epithelium model to simulate peri-implant soft tissue. We measured the contact angle, hydrophobicity, and roughness of the materials as well as the tissue behavior at their surfaces (cell migration and cell adhesion).ResultsThe best cell migration was observed on ZrO2 ceramic. Cell adhesion was also drastically lower on the polished ZrO2 ceramic than on both the raw and polished LS2. Evaluating various surface topographies of LS2 showed that increasing surface roughness improved cell adhesion, leading to an increase of up to 13%.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that a biomaterial, here LS2, can be modified using simple surface changes in order to finely modulate soft tissue adhesion. Strong adhesion at the abutment associated with weak migration assists in gingival wound healing. On the same material, polishing can reduce cell adhesion without drastically modifying cell migration. A comparison of LS2 and ZrO2 ceramic showed that LS2 was more conducive to creating varying tissue reactions. Our results can help dental surgeons to choose, especially for esthetic implant abutments, the most appropriate biomaterial as well as the most appropriate surface treatment to use in accordance with specific clinical dental applications.

Serious games have taken up an important place in the field of health. The aim of this work was to design and to develop a serious game for students in Dental Education. The interest is to perform a multidisciplinary approach of patients. Several clinical cases are available online and each of them concerns patients treated by students in Dental Hospitals. After choosing the e-patient, the serious gamer progresses in the game step by step. The game-play simulates the similar methodology as a dental practitioner in clinical reality. E-learners have to make a diagnosis in a limited time. Finally, the goal is to treat the epatient deciding the ideal treatment plan. The collaborative network between students and teacher(s) achieves an interactive learning and improves the quality of undergraduate Dental Education. The perspective is to promulgate dental education and to train young practitioners giving better dental care to patients after dental studies.