PCNL and RIRS are safe and effective methods for medium-sized LP calculi. For selected patients, RIRS may represent an alternative therapy to PCNL, with acceptable efficacy and low morbidity.

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Earthquakes are one of the most important natural hazards to be evaluated carefully in engineering projects, due to the severely damaging effects on human-life and human-made structures. The hazard of an earthquake is defined by several approaches and consequently earthquake parameters such as peak ground acceleration occurring on the focused area can be determined. In an earthquake prone area, the identification of the seismicity patterns is an important task to assess the seismic activities and evaluate the risk of damage and loss along with an earthquake occurrence. As a powerful and flexible framework to characterize the temporal seismicity changes and reveal unexpected patterns, Poisson hidden Markov model provides a better understanding of the nature of earthquakes. In this paper, Poisson hidden Markov model is used to predict the earthquake hazard in Bilecik (NW

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Spatial analysis plays a prominent role in revealing and characterizing the spatial patterns over a geographical region by considering both the attributes of objects in a data set and their locations. The response variable can display spatial autocorrelation. The objects close together tend to produce more similar observations than objects further apart. Despite covariates in the model, we cannot capture spatial autocorrelation explicitly. It remains in the model residuals. Then, the independence assumption is violated by the residuals. We apply conditional autoregressive (CAR) model to prevent the residual spatial autocorrelation. In this study, we consider the problem of identifying the provinces at high risk to respiratory diseases mortality in Turkey. The number of deaths from respiratory diseases in 81 provinces of Turkey are modelled by using Leroux Model. We assume that the observed number of deaths have a Poisson distribution. Disease mapping is performed over calculated risk values. The results show that an increase in the household consumption of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and tobacco and, also in the rate of people aged over 65 years in a province trigger a significant increase in respiratory disease mortality. Furthermore, Kastamonu has the highest mortality risk from respiratory diseases.