Objective To determine the effect of topical 1% ophthalmic atropine sulfate on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive horses. Animals Studied Eleven clinically healthy horses. Procedures IOP was measured bilaterally twice daily, at 8 am and 4 pm, for 5 days. No medication was applied for the first 2 days of the study. Thereafter, one eye of each horse was treated with 0.1 mL of topical 1% atropine sulfate ointment twice daily (7 am and 7 pm) for 3 days. The contralateral eye served as a control. In eight of the horses, an additional IOP reading was taken 3 days following cessation of the atropine treatment. Results There was no significant difference in the IOP of control vs. treatment eyes in the pretreatment period, days 1 and 2 (P= 0.97 and 0.55, respectively). During the treatment period, treated eyes of 10 of the horses had significantly lower IOP than control eyes (P= 0.03). The mean IOP reduction in treated eyes, relative to untreated eyes, was 11.2%. One horse had a significant rise in IOP in the treated eye compared to the remaining study animals. The IOP of control eyes did not vary significantly over the observation period (P= 0.27). There was no significant variation in IOP between the 8 am and 4 pm measurement (P= 0.9). Conclusions Topical 1% atropine sulfate causes a small, but significant decline in IOP in most ocular normotensive horses. Because topical atropine may elevate IOP in some horses, it should be used with caution in the treatment of glaucoma in this species.

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Abstract-We share our experience over the last 10 years for finding, deploying and evaluating software engineering (SE) technologies in an undergraduate program at theÉTS in Montreal, Canada. We identify challenges and propose strategies to integrate technologies into an SE curriculum. We demonstrate how technologies are integrated throughout our program, and provide details of the integration in two specific courses.

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