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A study has been carried for a viscous, incompressible electrically conducting MHD blood flow with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity through a stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction. The flow is subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field normal to the flow. The governing coupled partial differential equations are converted into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) using similarity analysis. The resultant non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in MATLAB with a convincible accuracy. The effects of the physical parameters such as viscosity parameter ( μ ( T ˜ b ) ) \left({\mu ({{\tilde T}_b})} \right) , permeability parameter (β), magnetic field parameter (M), Local Grashof number (Gr) for thermal diffusion, Local modified Grashof number for mass diffusion (Gm), the Eckert number (Ec), the thermal conductivity parameter ( K ( T ˜ b ) ) \left({K({{\tilde T}_b})} \right) on the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented graphically. The physical visualization of flow parameters that appeared in the problem is discussed with the help of various graphs to convey the real life application in industrial and engineering processes. A comparison has been made with previously published work and present study revels the good agreement with the published work. This study will be helpful in the clinical healing of pathological situations accompanied by accelerated circulation.

The present work deals with the impact of hybrid nanoparticles (Au-Al2O3) on the blood flow pattern through a porous cylindrical artery with a bell-shaped stenosis in the presence of an external magnetic field, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation by considering two-dimensional pulsatile blood flow. The temperature-dependent viscosity model is utilized in this study. The blood flow is assumed to be unsteady, laminar, viscous, and incompressible. The mild stenotic presumption normalizes and reduces the bi-directional flow to uni-directional. The Crank-Nicolson scheme is applied to solve the continuity, momentum, and energy equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Transport characteristics are visualized graphically for key dimensionless parameters such as Magnetic number ([Formula: see text]), Darcy number ( Da), Grashof number ( Gr), viscosity parameter ( β0), Reynolds number ( Re), Eckert Number ( Ec), Prandtl number ( Pr), different concentration of both the nanoparticles ( ϕ1, ϕ2), and pressure gradient parameter ( B1). The velocity contours for different emerging parameters have also been drawn to assess the overall behaviour of blood flow patterns. The non-dimensional velocity profile is enhanced with increment in values of Da, implying that the medium permeability provides less resistance to the flow. Increasing viscous dissipation ( Ec) and Joule heating ([Formula: see text]) parameter simultaneously raise the nanofluid temperature. Hybrid nanoparticles (Au-Al2O3/blood) effectively reduce hemodynamic variables such as wall shear stress and resistance (impedance). The present work finds applications in nano-mediated treatment of atherosclerosis and other diseases.

A two-phase blood flow model is considered to analyze the fluid flow and heat transfer in a curved tube with time-variant stenosis. In both core and plasma regions, the variable viscosity model ( Hematocrit and non linear temperature-dependent, respectively) is considered. A toroidal coordinate system is considered to describe the governing equations. The perturbation technique in terms of perturbation parameter ε is used to obtain the temperature profile of blood flow. In order to find the velocity, wall shear stress and impedance profiles, a second-order finite difference method is employed with the accuracy of 10−6 in the each iteration. Under the conditions of fully-developed flow and mild stenosis, the significance of various physical parameters on the blood velocity, temperature, wall shear stress (WSS) and impedance are investigated with the help of graphs. A validation of our results has been presented and comparison has been made with the previously published work and present study, and it revels the good agreement with published work. The present mathematical study suggested that arterial curvature increase the fear of deposition of plaque (atherosclerosis), while, the use of thermal radiation in heat therapies lowers this risk. The positive add in the value of λ1 causes to increase in plasma viscosity; as a result, blood flow velocity in the stenosed artery decreases due to the assumption of temperature-dependent viscosity of the plasma region. Clinical researchers and biologists can adopt the present mathematical study to lower the risk of lipid deposition, predict cardiovascular disease risk and current state of disease by understanding the symptomatic spectrum, and then diagnose patients based on the risk.

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