The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection among the pregnant women with lower abdominal pain and its aetiological micro-organism. Cross sectional study was done at Mount meru hospital laboratory, Arusha, Tanzania. 225 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Levolosi hospital (Arusha, Tazania) were enrolled. To diagnose urinary tract infection in the enrolled participants, mid stream urine was collected and culture on Macconkey agar media and blood agar media. Urine analysis was done using dipstick test, urine microscopy and biochemical tests. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found to be 31.6%. High incidence of infection was found in 33-40 years age group (41.6%). The incidence of infection was high in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to first and second trimester. The prevalence of infection is more in participants who had past history of infection. The bacterial pathogens isolated include E.coli (40.8%), Staphylococcus species (30.0%), Klebsiella species (14.1%), Proteus species (11.3%), Citrobacter species (1.4%) and Enterobacter species (1.4%). Diagnosis of urinary tract infection in pregnant women during all antenatal visits should be considered a vital care in the community. This helps to keep away from complications in pregnancy at an early stage.

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A rapid, accurate and precise LC-MS method is described for the quantitative determination of pramipexole in human plasma matrix using ropinirole as internal standard. Pramipexole and ropinirole were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction technique. The method was validated over the concentration range of 100-2514 pg/mL. The method was found to have acceptable accuracy, precision, linearity and selectivity. The mean extraction recovery from spiked plasma samples was in the range of 79.415-87.00 %. The intra-day accuracy of the assay ranged from 98.924 to 112.236 % and intra-day precision ranged from 3.489 to 6.756 %. Inter-day accuracy and precision results for quality control samples ranged between 100.340 and 107.443% of nominal and precision is observed to be 3.970-5.714 %. The pramipexole was found to be stable after several stability studies. The proposed method yielded a quick, simple and reliable protocol for estimating pramipexole concentrations in human plasma.

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ABSTRACT. This paper describes a simple extraction spectrophotometric method for the quantification of dexlansoprazole in bulk and spiked human plasma. This method involves formation of stable yellow colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complex of the amino derivative of dexlansoprazole with acid dye, namely methyl orange in acidic medium. The ion-pair complexes exhibit absorption maxima at 425 nm. Dexlansoprazole can be determined up to 4-40 μg/mL by the proposed method. The effect of optimum reagent concentration was studied. The relative standard deviations (≤1. 246%) obtained in the intra-day and inter-day analyses were found to be satisfactory. The accuracy results exhibited the mean recovery and percentage error in the range of 99.137%-100.574% and 0.012%-0.863%. When applied for the assay of the dexlansoprazole in spiked human plasma sample, recovery mean values ranged from 96.495-98.960%. The proposed method is useful for the estimation of the dexlansoprazole in bulk and human plasma samples.