No abstract

Ultrasonic technology has already been applied for many applications. Most of them are mainly used for object measurement. Some techniques have been widely applied to particular measurement by utilizing a very specific component. In this research, the previous technique to develop a conversion curve to obtain the acoustic impedance of the target is adopted. Then, a 3 MHz concave shaped ultrasonic transducer for measuring liquids is proposed and a confirmation is needed to confirm if the system is correct. Therefore, several saline solutions with some known properties are used. A low voltage of 10 Volt pulse is sent to trigger the transducer. The ultrasonic wave is transmitted through the multilayered mediums, which is pure water, clear acrylic, and the target. The echo from the interface between the acrylic and the target is then received by the same transducer. Some parameters such as peak and Root Mean Square (RMS) are used to develop the conversion curve. A peak detection and comparison between the original echo and the processed one by using Wavelet transform is performed. Some analysis of the echo signal by using multiresolution and timefrequency analysis are also proposed. The result obtained from the measurement is then compared to the theoretical calculation. Based on the result, in terms of developing the conversion curve, only the RMS value of the Undecimated Wavelet Transform (UWT) which has the closest trend to the result of the calculation, with the mean percentage error of 0.65512%, which is the smallest value among all parameters.

Internal fixation is a method of healing fractures by connecting them using metal called pen. Pen metal in the body isn’t permanent, when the bone was strong the pen must be removed to avoid infection. In finding the pen, X-Ray are usually used. But X-Ray has bad effect, so not everyone is allowed to use it. The solution given by make prototype to detect pen location using B-Mode ultrasonic scanning method, it uses 5MHz single transducerultrasonic. Objects measurement is the animal bones connected with metals placed in the jelly with different heights. From the two transducers, the concave surface transducer has a better result and smaller percentage error than the flat surface transducer. The concave surface transducer has a focal length area 1.94cm above the transducer surface. The maximum slope angle of the object is 20o, which more than that makes the echo signal unreadable the object.The measurement results of objects displayed in the B-Mode 1 dimensional on PC that displays the structure of the bottom surface of an object, based on comparison between the actual object and the B-Mode display an error less than 6%, meaning B-Mode can represent the surface structure bottom of the actual object.