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It is an effective method to promote the activity of photocatalysts by using its own photothermal effect to increase the temperature of the reaction center and thus accelerate the kinetic...

Six naturally occurring minerals were employed to catalyze the hydrolysis of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in water. After preliminary screening experiments, siderite stood out among these minerals due to its higher activity and selectivity. In comparison with kaolinite, which is known to act as a Lewis acid catalyst, siderite was found to act primarily as a Brönsted acid catalyst in the hydrolysis of MC-LR. More interestingly, we found that the presence of humic acid significantly inhibited catalytic efficiency of kaolinite, while the efficiency of siderite remained high (∼98%). Reaction intermediates detected by LC-ESI/MS were used to indicate cleavage points in the macrocyclic ring of MC-LR, and XPS was used to characterize siderite interaction with MC-LR. Detailed analysis of the in situ ATR-FTIR absorption spectra of MC-LR indicated hydrogen bonding at the siderite-water-MC-LR interface. A metastable ring, involving hydrogen bonding, between surface bicarbonate of siderite and an amide of MC-LR was proposed to explain the higher activity and selectivity toward MC-LR. Furthermore, siderite was found to reduce the toxicity of MC-LR to mice by hydrolyzing MC-LR peptide bonds. The study demonstrates the potential of siderite, an earth-abundant and biocompatible mineral, for removing MC-LR from water.

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