Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in MR Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru. Materials and methods:The material included the biopsies of all localized reactive hyperplastic lesions (LRHL) of the gingiva stored in the department's database (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). The lesions were analyzed according to their location and the patient's age and gender. The findings were compared with other published studies on reactive lesions.Results: A total of 260 reactive lesion biopsies were accessed. focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) was the most common (38.5%), followed by pyogenic granuloma (PG) (34.6%), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) (17.7%) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) (9.2%). The mean age of the patients was 33 years, with a range varying from 9 to 80 years. The LRHL occurred more commonly in females except focal fibrous hyperplasia, which showed male predilection. PG and POF were more common in the maxilla and FFH as well as PGCG were more common in the mandible.

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CONTEXT: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases of the modern times and the most frequent systemic disorder connected with the development of periodontal disease. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or secretion. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by infection of supporting tissues of teeth and may subsequently lead to tooth loss if left untreated. The pathogenic collagenic mechanisms of diabetes stimulate the more intense progression of periodontal disease. These mechanisms include metabolic impairment, vascular changes, and changes of microbiotic flora in periodontal pocket and functional disorders of leukocytes. Tooth loss is an inevitable result of periodontal disease and destructive features of periodontal disease are more common in diabetics. Also, the prevalence of periodontal disease and the need of dental treatment are significantly higher in diabetes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare & correlate the number of missing tooth in a group of 100 diabetic patients with that of 100 non-diabetic individuals (30-60 years of age). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 200 individuals (100 diabetic & 100 control) were examined for dental status. Dental status was recorded for the teeth that were missing including third molars. Diabetic patients with other systemic manifestations like hypertension, cardiac diseases were excluded from the study. Data were collected on the subject's age, sex, occupation and location. All data were recorded in WHO Oral Health assessment forms. Appropriate statistical tests were employed for analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Kruskal Wallis Chi-square test was employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The mean number of missing teeth in diabetic group was found to be 6.45 which significantly exceeded that of control group (1.43; p<0.001). The mean number of teeth present was found to be higher in control group, the mean number of missing teeth was found to be higher in diabetic group.

Tumor-associated tissue eosinophil count is higher in WDSCC as compared to moderate and PDSCC.

Background And Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fourth leading cancer and the eighth leading cause of cancer - related death worldwide. Despite improvements in diagnosis and therapeutic concepts, the 5 year overall survival rate has not improved significantly over the last 25 years and remains around 56%. Circulating tumor cells are cancer cells detached from a primary or secondary tumor and entered the circulation, these serve as a clinical biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic and pharmacological purposes. Neoangiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors.VEGFR-2 is one of the major mediator of endothelial cell mitogenesis, proliferation and survival. Inhibition of angiogenesis by disruption of VEGFR-2 pathways, this could suppress tumors` growth by limiting their blood supply. Hence, the present study was carried out to isolate and study circulating tumor cells in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma from the peripheral venous blood of the patient. To assess the histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma by using H and E sections of the biopsy sample and to assess the immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR-2 / FLK1 in circulating tumor cells and in biopsy samples. Material and Methods: The present study consisted of 60 paraffin embedded blocks of histologically diagnosed cases of 15 well differentiated OSCC, 15 moderately differentiated OSCC, 15 poorly differentiated OSCC and 15 cases of normal epithelium. Out of 45 OSCC cases, 20 OSCC patients’ blood samples were collected and subjected to CTCs isolation using Pluriselect beads. Tissue sections of 4µm thickness of paraffin embedded tissue blocks were subjected to VEGFR-2 staining. Expression of VEGFR-2, were counted randomly in 5 high power fields(40X).Quantitative analysis of VEGFR-2 was done using image analysis (image progress software) and data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Unpaired t test. Results: Higher mean expression for VEGFR-2 was seen in PDSCC followed by MDSCC, WDSCC and the control group. The difference in mean VEGFR-2 expression was found to be statistically significant between WDSCC & MDSCC (P< 0.049) as well as between WDSCC &PDSCC (P<0.000) and between MDSCC& PDSCC (P<0.001).The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were found in 3/20(15%) patients of OSCC. Conclusion: The expression of the VEGFR-2 was higher in PDSCC as compared to MDSCC, WDSCC and normal epithelium respectively.Circulating tumor cells were found in 3 patients of OSCC.