Building a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is an effective method to enhance the performance of Si-based materials. However, the general strategy ignores the severe side reaction that originates from the penetration of the fluoride anion which influences the stability of the SEI. In this work, an analytical method is established to study the chemical reaction mechanism between the silicon and electrolyte by combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) with mass spectrometry (MS) technology. Additionally, a selective blocking layer coupling selectivity for the fluoride anion and a high conductivity is coated on the surface of silicon. With the protection of the selective blocking layer, the rate of the side reaction is decreased by 1700 times, and the corresponding SEI thickness is dwindled by 4 times. This work explores the mechanism of the intrinsic chemical reaction and provides future directions for improving Si-based anodes.

In recent years, scientific research on sustainable tourism has attracted wide attention, which has fueled the concomitant need to comprehend the current state of research in sustainable tourism. In order to identify the research status of sustainable tourism and explore the direction for future research, this paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 2,184 academic literature related to sustainable tourism. By using five bibliometric methods of citation analysis, co-analysis, co-occurrence analysis, burst detection analysis and timeline view analysis, this paper reviews and analyzes the study of sustainable tourism from three perspectives of performance analysis, collaboration networks analysis and keywords analysis. The popular issues in the current study, future research and limitations are also discussed in this paper. By systematically reviewing the academic literature on sustainable tourism, this paper expands and deepens the knowledge and understanding of relevant topics, and provides guidance and reference for scholars to carry out research on sustainable tourism in the future.

Gas–solid fluidized beds in parallel can share some common units yet couple different reactions without extra pressure drop. The bottleneck, however, in such a parallel system, especially with nonidentical paths, is to ensure the stability of desirable gas–solid distribution. After the nonidentity index is defined, a framework to detect the instability of gas–solid distribution through a nonidentical parallel system is established via linear stability analysis. Besides, experimental studies are carried out on an asymmetric dual downer pilot plant, where two catalytic cracking reactors share one regenerator, to verify the theoretical analysis. The Matthew effect phenomenon of solid circulation rate fluctuations is reported, i.e., the path with a high solid circulation rate easily obtains positive fluctuation, while the path with a low solid circulation rate prefers negative fluctuation.