No abstract

Quantifiable amounts of HOOOH can be detected by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the thermal reaction of O3 and HOOH (see scheme). This first experimental report of a link between these three oxidants suggests that HOOOH may be involved in oxidation reactions that span biological, atmospheric, and environmental systems.

As mild and effective as the widely accepted solution‐phase hydrogenolysis: palladium nanoparticles can be used as catalysts to deprotect benzyl groups on carbohydrates attached to a solid support. The use of a UV‐active linker to connect benzyl‐protected glycosides of glucose, fucose, and lactose to resins (see picture) enabled the course of the hydrogenolysis reaction to be monitored after cleavage from the solid support.

1261 Crystal structure analysis of [AuI, (AsMe,)]. monochic, P2Jm (No. 11). 2 = 4. R = 0.068 R, = 0.050 for 76 parameters and 759 observed reflections ( I > 3.00a(I)) collected at 296 K, Mo,,. p = 235.64cm-I. max. 28 = 47.1'. F(OO0) = 1192 on a Siemens R3VS diffractometer absorption correction applied (max./min. transmission 1.19l0.82). The structure was solved by direct methods. all non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. The hydrogen atoms were included in fixed calculated positions with assigned isotropic temperature factors.[27] Crystal structure analysis of [AuI,(PMe,j,]: orthorhombic, Pnma (No. 62). 0.047, R, = 0.052 for 65 parameters and 817 observed reflections ( I > 3.00 a(1)) collected at 296 K, Mo,,. p = 144.68 cm-I , max. 28 = 49.9". F(OO0) = 1288 on a Rigaku R6S diffractometer, absorption correction applied (max./min. transmission 1.00/-0.13). Thestructure wassolved by direct methods, all non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. The hydrogen atoms were included in fixed calculated positions with assigned isotropic temperature [28] Crystal structure analysis of [(Me,PO),H][AuI,]: monoclinic, 12/m (No. 12). =16.623(3), b = X.173(3), c = 6.228(2) A, 0 = 89.81(3)'. V = 846.0(7) A' , Z = 2, R = 0.037. R, = 0.043 for 38 parameters and 41 2 observed reflections ( I > 3.00 ~( 1 ) )collected at 296 K. Mo,,, p = 124.48 cm-', max. 20 = 45.0", F(000) = 572 on a Rigaku R6S diffractometer, absorption corrction applied (max./min. transmission 0.75/-0.66). The structure was solved by direct methods. all non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. The hydrogen atoms were included in fixed calculated positions with assigned isotropic temperature factors. Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures reported in this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallogrdphic Data Centre as supplementary publication no. CCDC-179.108. Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on application to The Director. CCDC, 12Union Road,

Using the excellent performances of a SACLA (RIKEN/HARIMA, Japan) X-ray free electron laser (X-FEL), coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) was used to detect individual liposome particles in water, with or without inserted doxorubicin nanorods. This was possible because of the electron density differences between the carrier, the liposome, and the drug. The result is important since liposome nanocarriers at present dominate drug delivery systems. In spite of the low cross-section of the original ingredients, the diffracted intensity of drug-free liposomes was sufficient for spatial reconstruction yielding quantitative structural information. For particles containing doxorubicin, the structural parameters of the nanorods could be extracted from CDI. Furthermore, the measurement of the electron density of the solution enclosed in each liposome provides direct evidence of the incorporation of ammonium sulphate into the nanorods. Overall, ours is an important test for extending the X-FEL analysis of individual nanoparticles to low cross-sectional systems in solution, and also for its potential use to optimize the manufacturing of drug nanocarriers.