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A programmed-defect mask consisting of both bump-and pit-type defects on the LTEM mask substrate has been successfully fabricated. It is seen that pit-type defects are less printable because they are more smoothed out by the employed MLM deposition process. Specifically, all bump-type defects print even at the smallest height split of 1.7 nm whereas pit-type defects print only at the largest depth split of 5.7 nm. At this depth, the largest nonprintable 1D and 2D defect widths are about 23 nm and 64 nm, respectively.

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