Leptospirosis is now acknowledged as the most widespread zoonoses in the world. Hundreds of cases occur in India every year accounting for considerable morbidity and sizable mortality. Several studies have delineated the epidemiology, pathology and variable clinical features of this condition. The present study comprises the importance and utilization of traditional based medicines to overcome the adverse reaction by conventional drugs and standardize the technology. The antileptospiral activity of Eclipta alba L. was well studied by both tube dilution and micro dilution techniques and the result showed better inhibitory action against various serogroups of Leptospira interrogans. L. australis, L. autumnalis and L. grippotyphosa are inhibited by both water and ethanol extract by tube dilution technique. The MIC level observed are 50 μg and 100 μg respectively. Similarly acetone extract, Icterohaemorrhagiae was responded to 200 μg/ml as MIC whereas in petroleum ether extract, no inhibition was observed. In the case of micro dilution technique, the entire inhibition rates are supported to the tube dilution technique. It showed that the micro dilution technique is the best method where we obtained the results within 30 minutes; at the same time tube dilution technique takes minimum of 7 days to provide the result.

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BACKGROUND Kidney function is accurately assessed by Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). GFR is estimated with various biomarkers like inulin, creatinine and Cystatin C. Inulin is not synthesised in the human body. Creatinine is a variable parameter. But, Cystatin C is removed completely from the blood stream by glomerular filtration. Hence, Cystatin C level in the blood can be used to estimate GFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS One study group of 50 patients with renal failure and another control group of 50 normal persons were selected for Cystatin C estimation. Cystatin C was measured in a random sample of serum of both control group and study group by using Quantitative Cystatin C immunoturbidimetric assay. Mean values of Cystatin C were statistically analysed by using "t" test. GFR from Cystatin C value was measured by using a prediction equation. RESULTS Cystatin C levels in blood were significantly increased in patients of renal failure. GFR was estimated by Cystatin C levels. The elevated Cystatin C level was correlated with estimated GFR. CONCLUSION Cystatin C level in patients of kidneys dysfunction was statistically elevated. Similarly, the GFR estimated using serum Cystatin C was also statistically elevated. Hence, Cystatin C was a good biological marker to assess kidneys dysfunction.