Background Skin aging is the most common dermatological problem caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factor, such as exposure to (ultraviolet) UV rays. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound which is known for its antioxidant properties against oxidative stress. Objective This study investigates the antiaging and anti-inflammatory properties of CA on UV-induced skin fibroblast cells. Methods Anti-inflammatory properties of CA were assessed by measuring inflammatory-related proteins IL-1β and TNF-α, while antiaging properties of CA were assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, live and necrotic cells, and COL-3 gene expression level. Results Treating UV-induced skin fibroblast cells with CA decreased the level of ROS, IL-1β, TNF-α, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells and increased live cells and COL-3 gene expression. Conclusion CA has the potential as the protective compound against inflammation and aging by decreasing the level ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells and by increasing live cells and COL-3 gene expression.

No abstract

Skin aging is a complex natural process characterised by gradual diminishment of structural integrity and physiological imbalance of the skin tissue. Since the oxidative stress is tightly corelated to the skin aging process, the usage of antioxidant may serve as favourable strategies for slowing down the skin aging process. Mangosteen is an important fruit commodity and its extract had been extensively studied and revealing various biological activities. Present study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antiaging activity of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) and its phytochemical compounds. MPE and its compounds were subjected to ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroperoxide (H2O2) scavenging, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase and antityrosinase assay. MPE has the highest FRAP 116.31 ± 0.60 μM Fe(II) μg–1 extract, IC50 of MPE on H2O2 scavenging activity was 54.61 μg mL–1. MPE also has the highest anti elastase activity at IC50 7.40 μg mL–1. Alpha-mangostin showed potent anti-collagenase activity (IC50 9.75 μg mL–1). While gamma-mangostin showed potent anti-hyaluronidase (IC50 23.85 μg mL–1) and anti-tyrosinase (IC50 50.35 μg mL–1). MPE and its compounds were evaluated in vitro for antioxidant and antiaging activities. Current findings may provide scientific evidence for possible usage of mangosteen extract and its compounds as antioxidant and antiaging agent.

Background: Prolonged activation of skeletal muscles causes a decrease in the production of fatigue. Exercise with strenuous intensity causes an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). An increase in free radicals causes oxidative stress resulting in damage to cell function to mitochondrial dysfunction, and fatigue. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of red dragon fruit (RDF) to delay fatigue due to oxidative stress, which improves cell function in mitochondria. Methods: 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged three months were divided into five groups: Group K1 was N.A. (No Activity) but drinking and eating; Group K2 performed strenuous exercise without RDF treatment; Groups 3, 4, and 5 (P1, P2 and P3, respectively) performed strenuous exercise and were treated with 75 mg kg-1.bw, 150 mg kg-1.bw, and 300 mg kg-1.bw of RDF extract, respectively. The exercise for the rats involved intense swimming for 20 minutes every day, four days a week for 31 days.  Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured with the ELISA and histopathology for muscle soleus and lung tissue. Results: Strenuous exercise followed by RDF extract ingestion was compared for fatigue in terms of duration and time; before (24.55±1.38 minute) and after (95.31±7.82 minute) and led to a significant difference of 39% (p<0.01). The study also compared MDA before and after RDF extract ingestion in the K2 vs. the P1 group (p<0.05). At the same time, P2 differed more significantly (p<0.01). This indicated a spread of free radicals and featured histopathological damage of muscle cells. However, ingestion of RDF extract leads to improvement of soleus muscle cells; thus, repairs cell function, delaying fatigue. Conclusion: This study confirmed that strenuous exercise, which causes an increase in ROS, intensifies free radicals with RDF extract ingestion and declines oxidative stress, repairing cell function and delaying fatigue.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared by WHO as a global pandemic and in Indonesia it is declared as a type of disease that causes public health emergencies and non-natural disasters, which is not only causing death but also cause significant economic losses, so it is necessary to take steps to overcome it including prevention and control. This study aimed to analyze the evaluation of the handling of Covid drugs at the Pharmacy Installation of the Royal Prima Hospital in Medan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study used qualitative research located at the Pharmacy Installation of RSU Royal Prima Medan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. While The population in this study were 5 informants consisting of the Director of Medical Services, Head of Pharmacy Installation at Royal Prima Hospital Medan, Head of Pharmacy Warehouse, Pharmacist, and Assistant Pharmacist. In this study, the techniques used in data collection methods were Direct Observation, In-Depth Interviews, and Document Literature. The data analysis method was carried out by compiling, discussing, and evaluating the data and the results of interviews/observations using the Triangulation Test. Based on results studies, this state has carried out the process of procurement, receipt, storage, and distribution in the evaluation management drug covid on installation Pharmacy at Hospital Royal Prima Medan during the COVID-19 pandemic with supported with existence existing facilities and infrastructure and the number of available human resources at Hospital Royal Prima Medan.